Changes between two versions
What changed between the resolution motion joint and the adopted text
From · resolution motion joint· 10 Mar 2025
on the white paper on the future of European defence
AI:What changed, in short
Adds calls for a complete overhaul of European defence cooperation and for flagship projects like the East Shield and Baltic Defence Line.35 Expands the scope of threats to include candidate countries and hybrid incidents, and adds calls for action on drones, hybrid preparedness, and shadow fleet.161011 Adds emphasis on geographical balance in defence financing and industry development, and on partnerships with the UK, Norway, and Western Balkan countries.71521 Softens the stance on European preference and drops the specific 3% GDP defence spending target.1820 Other changes are formal or wording: decimal separator, grammar, and terminology.91419
18 changes of substance · 2 formal · 1 of wording only
Written by AI from the two texts only · read the changes before relying on it · 4 Sept 2026 · Report a problem
+19 added · −3 removed · 12 changed paragraphs, packaging included.
Part 3 of 3: Paragraphs 121–131
4 unchanged paragraphs
81. Calls for a system of European defence bonds to be explored for financing large-scale military investments up front; calls, similarly, for the use of unused ‘coronabonds’ for defence instruments to be explored, to complement the Commission’s ‘ReArm Europe’ plan, as the EU is now experiencing a pressing need to boost security and defence to protect its citizens, restore deterrence and support its allies, first and foremost Ukraine;
82. Reiterates, in line with the Commission’s ‘ReArm Europe’ plan, its call for the European Investment Bank (EIB) and other international financial institutions and private banks in Europe to invest more actively in the European defence industry; calls, in particular, for an urgent revision of the EIB’s lending policy and immediate flexibility to remove current restrictions on financing defence, and for the possibility of issuing earmarked debt for funding security and defence projects to be investigated;
83. Calls on European Council President António Costa to immediately convene the European Council, based on the conclusions of the white paper, so that EU leaders can agree on immediate and far-reaching decisions to implement the European Defence Union as laid out in Article 42(2) TEU and elaborate on the measures identified in the white paper;
84. Welcomes the outcomes of the special European Council of 6 March 2025 and asks the Member States to act decisively during the upcoming March Council meeting;
Change 21
Added:85. Underlines the need to enhance our partnerships with like-minded countries, particularly those in Europe, such as the UK and Norway; calls for a broad EU-UK security pact, also covering key subjects such as energy, migration and critical minerals; points to the added value of fostering our relationships with global partners such as the US, Japan and Australia;
Added:86. Calls for enhanced cooperation with Western Balkan countries in the area of defence industries; emphasises that Western Balkan countries have significant expertise in defence industries and that the EU should consider procuring military equipment from Western Balkan countries; emphasises that this approach would help make Western Balkan countries stronger allies of the EU;
Added:87. Believes that every effort must be made to maintain and, if possible, foster transatlantic cooperation in every field of the military and defence sector, while recalling the need to foster European defence and develop greater sovereignty;
88. Notes that the above is without prejudice to the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States;
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89. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the European Council, the Council, the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the President of the Commission and competent Commissioners, the EU security and defence agencies and the governments and parliaments of the Member States.