Changes between two versions
What changed between the resolution motion joint and the adopted text
From · resolution motion joint· 11 Feb 2025
on the escalation of violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
To · adopted text· 13 Feb 2025
Escalation of violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
AI:What changed, in short
The only substantive change updates the list of individuals targeted for sanctions, adding two commanders and removing one, and correcting the report year.2 The other change is formal: number formatting is adjusted to use commas as decimal separators.1
1 change of substance · 1 formal · 0 of wording only
Written by AI from the two texts only · read the changes before relying on it · 4 Sept 2026 · Report a problem
Changes to the text itself, in document order. Cover page, citations and punctuation-only edits are left out; they are under “Every difference”.
Changes of substance · 1
Change 2 Substance
AI summary:Updates the list of individuals to be sanctioned: adds two named commanders, removes one, and changes the report year from 2024 to 2023.
Show the text change (1 line)
Changed:17. Urges the Council to expand sanctions against senior M23 commanders, leaders of other armed groups and senior officials from the DRC and Rwanda,Rwanda – including Major-General Eugene Nkubito, the commander of the RDF’s 3rd DivisionDivision, and Major-General Ruki Karusisi, RDF Special Force Commander, identified in the June 2024 report of the UN Group of Experts, and Major-General Emmy K. Ruvusha, Commander of the Rwanda Security Forces, all identified in the June 20242023 report of the UN Group of Experts and in– reportsand from other countries across the regionregion, as being responsible for or complicit in recent serious abuses by their forces or those for which they have command responsibility;
1 formal change: legal basis, citations, references, corrections
Change 1 Formal
AI summary:Replaces decimal points with commas in numbers to align with EU formatting conventions.
Show the text change (1 line)
Changed:T. whereas prior to recent developments, the DRC faced one of the largest displacement crises in Africa, with 6.76,7 million internally displaced persons, including 4.64,6 million in South and North Kivu; whereas the DRC also hosts over 520 000 refugees and asylum seekers from neighbouring countries, while 1.11,1 million refugees from the DRC are being hosted in neighbouring countries in the region, more than half of them in Uganda; whereas the recent surge in violence has internally displaced over half a million people since the beginning of the year; whereas given the severe overcrowding in the displacement sites where people remain and the lack of water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, the risk of a cholera outbreak is extremely high, along with that of a rapid spread of the Mpox epidemic;