What changed between the draft committee report and the plenary report

Changed:2. Encourages the creation of a unified architecture in which the European Youth Goals (EYGs)EYGs define the cross-sectoral priorities for the EUYS, the EU Youth DialogueEUYD brings in young people’s experiences, Erasmus+ and other EU-funded programmes provide resources to act, and youth work translates European priorities into local realities;realities, while ensuring concrete links between the EUYS/EYGs and national youth strategies and implementation plans;

Removed:European youth goals (EYGs)

Added:3. Highlights that the development of the 11 EYGs through the EUYD has been an important milestone in youth policy; believes, however, that the EYGs must be re-evaluated and updated regularly, through an open, transparent and inclusive process, ensuring the broadest possible participation of young people and regular updates aligned with the cycle of the EUYS;

Changed:3. Highlights4. thatCalls thefor developmentthis ofprocess theto 11embed EYGsnew throughsocietal therealities EUand Youthcross-cutting Dialogueissues hasaffecting beenyoung anpeople importantin milestoneorder into youthreflect policy;economic, believes,technological however,and thatsecurity thechallenges, EYGsincluding mustdisinformation, bemental re-evaluatedhealth and updatedmedia toliteracy, embedas newwell societalas realitiesclimate andchange, cross-cuttingsocial issuesinequalities affectingand youngcivic people;participation;

Changed:5.6. Calls on the Commission and upcoming Council presidencies to integrateensure emergingthat topicsthe intofinal currentEUYD activitiescycles linkedaddress the most pressing challenges currently affecting young people, including socio-economic conditions, digital transformation, mental health and participation in democratic life, and to themethodically finalintegrate EUthe Youthreviewed Dialogueand cyclesupdated EYGs, so as to ensure continuitycoherence and preparedness in view of the post-2027 EUYS;

Changed:6.7. Calls on the Commission, other EU bodies and the Member States to improve communication, visibility and stakeholder awareness of the EUYS,EUYS itsto instrumentspromote equal access and initiativesparticipation; atencourages national,the Member States to increase awareness among regional and local level;authorities, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), non-organised youth and small local organisations, including through coordinated outreach and multilevel engagement, by reinforcing Eurodesk and other youth information services, in particular in rural and remote areas;

Removed:7. Calls on the Commission to develop a monitoring and evaluation system for the post-2027 EUYS;

Added:8. Calls on the Commission, in cooperation with the Member States, to develop a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system for the post-2027 EUYS, including disaggregated data and regular reporting, with indicators assessing the inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities, such as rural youth, NEETs and young people with disabilities, and to strengthen the use of the Youth Progress Index to assess inequalities and inform policy interventions;

Removed:EUYS Work Plans

Added:9. Calls on the Commission to update the EUYS work plans to improve accessibility and targeted outreach through clearer language, and results-oriented, user-friendly formats;

Removed:8. Calls on the Commission to update the EUYS work plans to improve accessibility through clearer language, modern formats and targeted outreach;

Added:10. Calls on the Member States to ensure that national youth councils are equipped with adequate resources;

Added:11. Calls on the Commission, other EU bodies and the Member States to strengthen the sharing of best practices in youth participation, inclusion and empowerment;

Removed:EYY2022 and its Legacy

Added:12. Welcomes recent Commission efforts to develop youth mainstreaming, in particular the introduction of the EU Youth Coordinator, the ‘youth check’, policy dialogues with Commissioners, and internal and external Commission youth networks; calls on the Commission to systematically evaluate and improve their implementation and reporting, and to include a chapter on the ‘youth check’ in the post-2027 EUYS;

Changed:9.13. WelcomesUrges recentthe Commission efforts to develop youth mainstreaming,strengthen inand particularexpand the introductionmandate of the EU Youth Coordinator, the ‘youthCoordinator check’,to policyensure dialoguesinfluence withacross Commissioners,directorates-general and internalmeaningful andregulatory externalscrutiny Commissionof youthyouth-relevant networks;initiatives; calls on the CommissionYouth toCoordinator systematicallyto evaluatework andclosely improvewith theirCommission implementation,services and to include a chapter on the ‘youthother check’coordinators in the post-2027future EUYS;

Changed:10.14. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to systematicallyensure andthe effectivelymeaningful includeconsultation of young people throughout the entire policy cycle, includingcycle inand itsto design,report implementationon andhow assessment,their andcontributions toare ensuretaken clearinto feedbackaccount andwhen follow-upconsulted on how their inputconcrete islegislative, reflectedpolicy inor policyprogramme outcomes;actions;

Removed:‘Youth Check’

Added:15. Urges the Commission to implement the ‘youth check’ systematically in every directorate-general, with designated minimum standards and transparency throughout the policy cycle, designating concrete legislative files as youth-relevant in its annual work programme, conducting impact assessments with specific youth chapters on those files, and assessing the impacts on young people in its evaluations;

Removed:11. Urges the Commission to implement the ‘youth check’ transparently and consistently throughout the policy cycle, by appointing Youth Correspondents in every Directorate-General, designating concrete legislative files as youth-relevant in its annual work programme, systematically conducting impact assessments with specific youth chapters on those files, and assessing the impacts on young people in its evaluations;

Added:16. Calls on the Commission to publish its current methodology for identifying youth-relevant files, including the specific criteria and assessment results, to include a chapter on the ‘youth check’ in the forthcoming communication on better regulation, and to integrate the ‘youth check’ as a specific instrument in the better regulation toolbox;

Changed:12. Calls17. onEncourages the Commission to publishconsult itsyoung currentpeople methodologyin fororder identifyingto identify youth-relevant files, to include a chapter on the ‘youth check’ensure inregular thereports forthcomingand communicationfollow-up on better regulation,these andfiles, to integrate the ‘youth check’youth asdimension ainto specificdecision-making instrumentprocesses inand theto bettercommunicate regulationresults toolbox;publicly;

Removed:Youth mainstreaming in Parliament

Added:18. Calls for a coherent youth mainstreaming approach across all of Parliament’s committees, by closely following youth-relevant files designated by the Commission, designating additional youth-relevant files at the initiative of Parliament, providing concrete opportunities for young people to engage with Parliament’s work through public hearings, stakeholder consultations and committee missions, promoting active Members’ participation in the EUYD and European Youth Events, and ensuring that these practices are applied consistently and include young people with fewer opportunities;

Changed:13.19. Calls foron athe youthCommission mainstreamingand processthe Member States to beensure developedthat acrossclose allties policywith areasEuropean inyouth Parliament,capitals whileare closelypreserved followingand further developed within the youth-relevantframework filesof designatedthe bynew EUYS, facilitating the Commissionexchange andof designatinggood otherpractices, youth-relevantinnovation filesin atyouth thepolicy initiativeand ofmeaningful Parliamentyouth committees;participation across the EU;

Removed:14. Calls on all parliamentary committees and delegations to implement youth mainstreaming practices to provide concrete opportunities for young people to give their input, such as in shadow meetings with youth stakeholders, public hearings with young experts, and meetings with youth organisations or young experts during committee missions, and to ensure the active involvement of Members at European Youth Events;

Added:20. Calls on the Commission to ensure accessibility, transparency and inclusiveness of the Youth Policy Dialogues with Commissioners and their systematic integration into policy actions, rather than being a one-off activity providing only temporary support for youth mainstreaming, and to prioritise key structural challenges affecting young people in these dialogues, including housing affordability, access to education, training and labour market opportunities, and disaster risk preparedness, with the aim of enforcing the concept of ‘freedom to stay’ and fostering European values, as enshrined in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union;

Removed:Youth Policy Dialogues with Commissioners

Added:21. Welcomes the progress in traditionally youth-focused areas, but stresses the need to better integrate youth perspectives into other key sectors, based on current and emerging youth priorities, especially in digital and media policies, democratic engagement and civic empowerment, well-being and mental health, housing, arts and culture;

Removed:15. Calls on the Commission to ensure that the Youth Policy Dialogues with Commissioners are systematically integrated into policy actions, rather than being a one-off activity providing only temporary support for youth mainstreaming;

Added:22. Invites the Commission, the Member States, national, regional and local authorities to focus on youth mainstreaming efforts on key priority policy areas, and to strengthen synergies between the EUYS and related EU instruments, including the Youth Guarantee, the basic skills action plan and the intergenerational fairness strategy;

Removed:Youth mainstreaming across policy areas

Removed:16. Welcomes the progress in traditionally youth-focused areas, but stresses the need to systematically integrate youth perspectives into other key sectors, based on current and emerging youth priorities;

Changed:17.23. StressesEmphasises that young people areshould expertsbe onrecognised theiras ownimportant livesstakeholders in policymaking and mustthat betheir recognisedperspectives ascan activecontribute rights-holdersto more effective, inclusive and co-creatorsforward-looking ofpolicies, policiesand thatcalls affectfor them,their meaningful involvement across all policy areas, rather than treating them merely as beneficiaries or consultees;

Removed:18. Emphasises that ensuring equal living conditions for all young people across the Union must be a fundamental priority of the future EUYS;

Added:24. Calls on the Member States to ensure that the principle of inclusion and equality is embedded within their national and regional youth strategies and underlying actions, while preparing for the EUYS post-2027;

Removed:19. Calls for specific measures to help rural youth overcome the physical barriers of living in isolated rural areas;

Added:25. Emphasises the importance of preventing youth radicalisation by addressing social exclusion and a lack of opportunities; calls for targeted support, such as accessible counselling services, strengthened community-based youth work and targeted inclusive measures for marginalised and under-represented young people;

Removed:Youth unemployment (and other elements from EMPL opinion)

Added:26. Emphasises that reducing structural inequalities affecting the conditions under which young people live, learn and participate across the EU should be a core priority of the future EUYS, in order to strengthen social cohesion, foster resilience and allow young people to fully achieve their potential, while improving access to quality education, employment, healthcare and housing and preventing youth homelessness;

Removed:20. [EMPL opinion]

Added:27. Calls, in particular, for targeted measures to support young people from rural and remote areas in overcoming physical, social, digital and economic barriers, including reduced access to education, cultural, sporting and mobility opportunities, as well as barriers related to transport, affordability, youth information and services, with particular attention to NEETs;

Removed:21. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to propose a legal framework that effectively bans unpaid internships, traineeships and apprenticeships, as these constitute a form of exploitation of young workers and block fair access to the labour market for young people without financial resources; demands that all employment relationships involving young people be fairly remunerated and provide access to social protection;

Added:28. Calls on the Member States to consider introducing targeted cultural vouchers for young people in order to reduce financial barriers, especially in rural and less accessible areas;

Removed:Mental health and well-being

Added:Quality youth employment and social inclusion

Removed:22. [SANT opinion]

Added:29. Calls on the Commission to intensify targeted support, policy coordination and enhanced monitoring in Member States facing structural youth unemployment, and to increase resources for programmes and projects, with the aim of ensuring that EU instruments effectively address long-standing labour market failures;

Removed:23. Urges the Commission and the Member States to draw lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, to guarantee free, timely and non-discriminatory access to mental healthcare for all young people as part of public health services, and to develop youth-specific preparedness strategies for future crises to ensure that young people are not disproportionately affected;

Added:30. Stresses the importance of a strong and independent ESF+ in supporting youth employment, skills development and active labour market policies, particularly for young people with disabilities;

Removed:Sport and physical activity

Added:31. Stresses the need to promote participation in STEAM disciplines, including among young women and under-represented groups, through investment in digital, green and critical-thinking skills in order to strengthen innovation, competitiveness and social cohesion;

Removed:24. Reiterates that sport and physical activity promote physical and mental well-being, social inclusion and cohesion, youth development and active citizenship;

Added:32. Calls on the Member States to strengthen VET, including dual learning systems and work-based learning, in order to support skills development and access to quality employment opportunities in the green transition, particularly for young people with fewer opportunities;

Added:33. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to support the integration of young people into the labour market by promoting access to stable and quality employment, fair working conditions and equal opportunities; highlights the need to tackle age-based discrimination with regard to wages and working conditions;

Added:34. Underlines the need to better understand the impact of technological developments, including AI, on youth employment and to support the development of relevant skills through education and training systems, including AI in education and training curricula, in order to equip young people for the labour market in the digital age;

Added:35. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to promote quality and fairly remunerated traineeships that are accessible to all young people and to strengthen the legal framework on traineeships to effectively identify and combat practices that circumvent their purpose and the use of standard employment relationships disguised as traineeships;

Added:36. Highlights that young people are disproportionately affected by the housing crisis, which limits their access to affordable and quality housing; underlines that this negatively impacts their employment opportunities, mobility and social inclusion; calls on the Commission and the Member States to support affordable and sustainable housing solutions for young people, including students, and stresses that housing should be one of the key pillars of the post-2027 EUYS;

Added:37. Emphasises that the post 2027 EUYS should encourage the promotion of youth entrepreneurship and start-ups through simplified administrative procedures, improved access to finance and targeted skills support, including in emerging sectors such as the circular economy and sustainable innovation;

Added:38. Calls on the Commission, in the context of the European strategy on intergenerational fairness, to ensure that long-term perspectives are effectively integrated into the EU’s employment, education and social policies, so that the interests of present and future generations are taken into account in policy design and implementation;

Added:Health and well-being

Added:39. Observes with concern the growing challenges faced by young people due to the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the excessive use of social media, socio-economic insecurity, war and conflict, social isolation and environmental factors; highlights the need for a cross-sectoral approach and for the next EU youth strategy to include sustainable public health interventions, school-based support and community based initiatives to address these cross-cutting challenges, while also tackling unhealthy lifestyles that disproportionately affect vulnerable groups;

Added:40. Calls for stronger protection of young people online by addressing addictive design, cyber risks, cyberbullying and harmful online content, in alignment with the Commission’s forthcoming action plan against cyberbullying and the planned EU-wide inquiry on the impact of social media on the mental well-being of young people;

Added:41. Stresses the importance of accessible and affordable mental health services, including early detection and intervention for children and young people; stresses the importance of integrating mental health awareness and education into school, youth work, sport and community settings; calls on the Member States and the EU to strengthen access to mental health support and counselling services in schools and universities, including for students participating in mobility programmes such as Erasmus+, and to invest in training teachers and caregivers to better identify mental health conditions;

Added:42. Expresses concern about the growing use of tobacco, vaping and other nicotine products, as well as drug use among young people, and calls for stronger prevention, awareness-raising and health literacy measures that target addictive behaviours and lifestyle-related health risks;

Added:43. Stresses that youth health measures must pay particular attention to young people in vulnerable situations and those with fewer opportunities, as they often face greater barriers to healthcare and psychosocial support;

Added:44. Reiterates that sport and physical activity promote physical and mental well-being, social inclusion and cohesion, youth development and active citizenship by tackling rising rates of obesity, addiction and violence; emphasises the importance of grassroots sport organisations, local clubs and volunteering structures in providing accessible opportunities for young people across the EU;

Changed:25.45. Welcomes the fact that considerable progress has been achieved on diversity and inclusion in the EUEUYD, Youththe Dialogue;EU’s central instrument for structured youth participation; regrets, however, that rural youth and thoseNEETs notare under-represented in employment,the education11th orcycle; trainingstresses arethe under-representedneed into improve the 11thquality cycle;of inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities; calls for the meaningful inclusion of young people from candidate countries in the EUYD;

Removed:26. Welcomes the creation of a permanent secretariat for the EU Youth Dialogue; calls for a stronger feedback loop to ensure that young people understand how their engagement impacts policymaking;

Added:46. Encourages national working groups to implement the toolkit for communicating about the EUYD and to strengthen its diversity and inclusion, in cooperation with national youth councils and local grassroots organisations as essential partners in reaching out to non-organised youth, including through targeted outreach strategies, in order to ensure a territorially balanced impact across all regions and among all relevant stakeholders;

Added:47. Welcomes the creation of a permanent secretariat for the EUYD to serve a key role in the coordination of national working groups and ensure coherence and consistency between cycles; encourages the collection and sharing of best practices and the creation of a database of recommendations and outcomes of the dialogue; calls for a stronger feedback loop to ensure that young people understand how their engagement impacts policymaking and for clearer monitoring and dissemination of EUYD outcomes, including transparent follow-up at EU and national levels through measures such as formal written feedback from the Commission;

Added:48. Stresses that EUYD priorities should be linked more clearly to the Commission work programme; calls on the Commission to reinforce the governance of the EUYS by combining a clear strategic direction with stronger accountability across relevant policy areas; stresses that youth priorities should be translated into concrete actions through sectoral initiatives of the competent directorates-general, supported by appropriate resources and developed in close consultation with EU and national youth organisations;

Removed:27. Welcomes the adoption of the Erasmus+ and ESC Inclusion and Diversity Strategy and the introduction of implementation guidelines;

Added:49. Welcomes the adoption of the Erasmus+ and ESC inclusion and diversity strategy and the introduction of implementation guidelines; regrets that barriers persist in application and reporting; stresses the need to improve pre-financing, predictability of EU funding and support for first-time applicants and small organisations, including through technical assistance and simplified procedures, in order to improve access to EU programmes, reduce administrative barriers and facilitate long-term planning at local and regional level;

Removed:28. Calls on the Commission to align the post-2027 EUYS with new programmes under the multiannual financial framework, such as Erasmus+, AgoraEU, Horizon Europe, the European Social Fund Plus etc., in order to ensure coherence, promote synergies and broaden opportunities for youth participation across the Union;

Added:50. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to promote more continuous and sustainable outreach for young people with fewer opportunities, as well as to conduct qualitative studies and further establish clear inclusion targets and monitor their participation;

Removed:29. Urges the Commission and the Member States to ensure fair intergenerational budgeting with regard to the 2028-2034 programming period; stresses that intergenerational fairness is not achieved through austerity measures, but through strong public investment in education, infrastructure and climate action so as to leave a liveable world and robust social services to future generations;

Added:51. Stresses that the Commission and Member State authorities, such as Erasmus+ national agencies, should further strengthen inclusion, diversity and visibility within the EUYD and Erasmus+;

Added:52. Calls on the Commission to align the post-2027 EUYS with new programmes under the MFF, such as Erasmus+, AgoraEU, Horizon Europe, the ESF+, etc, in cooperation with young people, in order to ensure coherence, promote synergies and broaden opportunities for youth participation across the EU; calls on the Commission to ensure that the youth actions within these programmes are coherent with the objectives of the post-2027 EUYS; stresses the need to ensure adequate funding in the next MFF, including through earmarked EU funding for inclusive mobility formats; calls, in particular, for stronger synergies and operational links with the reinforced Youth Guarantee;

Added:53. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to apply intergenerational budgeting principles to the 2028-2034 MFF, ensuring that spending decisions are assessed for their long-term impact on younger and future generations and that policy choices affecting young people are clearly communicated and justified;

Added:54. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to support young people through strong public investment to address their concerns, in particular affordable housing and the cost of living, education and training, skills development, mental health and well-being, healthcare and youth employment;

Changed:30.55. Reiterates that qualityeveryone has the right to education and trainingaccess isto avocational fundamentaland right;continuing training, as well as lifelong learning opportunities; stresses that access to education should be guaranteed for all young Europeans, regardlessin accordance with Article 21 of socio-economicthe status,Charter ethnicityand orin gender;line with the EU’s commitments to equal opportunities, inclusion and non-discrimination;

Removed:31. Calls for the EU and its Member States to guarantee free, inclusive and high-quality public education for all young people;

Added:56. Calls for the EU and its Member States to strengthen inclusive and high-quality education for all young people, from early childhood education through higher education, VET and lifelong learning, to prioritise support for learners at risk of early school leaving and disengagement and to reduce financial and practical barriers to access, in line with Article 14 of the Charter, including the possibility of receiving free compulsory education;

Removed:32. Calls on the Member States to support marginalised young people in accessing formal education;

Added:57. Welcomes ongoing work on a European degree label as part of the European Education Area, including through the European universities initiative; calls for further progress towards the development of a genuine European degree, ensuring quality, academic integrity and recognition across the EU, in order to strengthen the European Education Area and enhance the international attractiveness of European higher education;

Removed:33. Calls on the Member States to significantly increase public investment in education systems and address teacher shortages;

Added:58. Stresses that youth policies should also support traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture, craftsmanship and processing;

Added:59. Calls on the Member States to support marginalised young people in accessing formal education and accessible learning environments; encourages the Member States to strengthen cross-sectoral coordination among youth-related services, in order to prevent early leaving from education and training and to support transitions into further learning, training, community participation or employment;

Added:60. Calls on the Member States to increase public investment in education, strengthen school systems and address persistent shortages of qualified teachers and educational staff by improving professional development opportunities, working conditions and career attractiveness, including through improved pay and targeted recruitment strategies, and by supporting teacher training and retention, particularly in rural and remote areas; calls on the Commission to address these issues in the upcoming EU teachers and trainers agenda, and strengthen the take-up and dissemination of Erasmus+ teacher academies;

Added:61. Calls on the Member States to put in place effective, affordable and accessible mechanisms for young people to acquire relevant skills, taking into account the recommendations on the establishment of individual learning accounts;

Changed:34.62. Urges the Commission and the Member States to strengthen digital skills and media literacy education throughacross all forms of formal, non-formal and informal learning, includingwith withina schoolview curricula,to youthfostering workcritical thinking, combating disinformation, promoting safe, responsible and digitalinclusive platforms,online behaviour and preventing cyberbullying, in alignment with the basic skills action plan and the EU’s efforts to strengthen democratic resilience, with particular attention to vulnerable and marginalised groups;

Added:63. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure consistent enforcement of the Digital Services Act and the Audiovisual Media Services Directive to protect minors online and to integrate structured media literacy, critical thinking and algorithmic awareness education into the post-2027 EUYS;

Changed:35.64. RecognisesWelcomes the addition of citizenship education as a basic skill in the basic skills action plan, but recognises the need to develop a more coherent policy on citizenship education; calls on the Commission, in cooperation with the Member States, to present an EU strategy on citizenship education; emphasises that citizenship education, including digital citizenship education, should be built into formal, non-formal and informal educationeducation, systems;in order to foster active citizenship, critical thinking, intercultural skills, participation in democratic life and engagement with EU values;

Changed:36.65. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to disseminate and exchange good practices,practices on citizenship education by gathering and exchanging guidelines, materials and resources through an EU toolbox, including teaching materials;materials, and to ensure that these are accessible and adaptable to diverse educational contexts and learners, while supporting teacher and youth work training to ensure their effective use in different educational and community settings;

Changed:37.66. Calls on the Commission to develop specific training modules on democratic citizenship education for teachers, trainers, leaders, policymakers and everyone who takes part in Erasmus+ or the ESC;

Added:67. Calls on the Member States and civil society to actively promote comprehensive civic education for young people, meaningful youth participation in democratic processes at local, national and EU level, including through youth exchanges, volunteering projects and collective mobility activities;

Added:68. Encourages the Member States to exchange good practices on initiatives that facilitate youth participation in elections, democratic processes and civic initiatives;

Changed:39.70. Calls on the Member States to strengthen the formal recognition of competences acquired via non-formal and informal learning, including volunteering and youth work, through qualification frameworks, Youthpass and Europass, training standards and accreditation systems, thereby enabling mutual recognition and mobility; underlines the key role of volunteering in equipping young people with skills and competences that enhance their employability, and calls for volunteering to be duly recognised and promoted;

Added:71. Regrets that validation frameworks remain uneven, complex and insufficiently accessible in practice, and calls for clearer procedures, guidance and support so that young people and employers can use them effectively;

Added:72. Calls on the Member States to provide guidance for employers on Youthpass and Europass; reiterates that volunteering is not a substitute for traineeships or jobs and must not be equated with employment;

Added:73. Believes that the Member States should strengthen the recognition of volunteering as professional experience and professionalisation of youth work and non-formal and informal learning, to ensure that such experience is meaningfully recognised;

Added:–– having regard to the Council of Europe report entitled ‘Countering Violent Extremism and Youth Radicalisation – Using the European Youth Card to Promote Peaceful Communities’,

Added:–– having regard to Rule 55 of its Rules of Procedure, as well as Article 1(1)(e) of, and Annex 3 to, the decision of the Conference of Presidents of 12 December 2002 on the procedure for granting authorisation to draw up own-initiative reports,

Changed:41.75. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, the national agenciesagencies, and youth and volunteering organisations.

Changed:38.69. Urges the Commission and the Member States to ensure that the European Youthyouth Workwork Agendaagenda is translated into action and funding plans;