What changed between the resolution motion and the resolution motion joint

Removed:B100508/2025

4 unchanged paragraphs

European Parliament resolution on the political situation in Myanmar including the humanitarian crisis of the Rohingya

(2025/2986(RSP))

The European Parliament,

– having regard to its previous resolutions on Myanmar and on the situation of the Rohingya,

Changed:– having regard to the UN SecurityHuman Rights Council Resolutionand 2669General (2022)Assembly ofresolutions 21on DecemberMyanmar 2022,and on the Rohingya,

– having regard to the Five-Point Consensus (5PC) on the situation in Myanmar, adopted at the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Leaders’ Meeting in Jakarta on 24 April 2021,

Added:– having regard to the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide,

Added:– having regard to the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol thereto,

Added:– having regard to the joint statement of 6 January 2025 by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, and the Governments of the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea, Switzerland, Timor-Leste and the United Kingdom addressing the human rights and humanitarian crisis in Myanmar,

Added:– having regard to the statement of 31 January 2025 by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on the fourth anniversary of the military coup in Myanmar,

Added:– having regard to Council Decision (CFSP) 2025/820 of 25 April 2025 amending Decision 2013/184/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Myanmar/Burma,

Added:– having regard to the statement of 16 May 2025 by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on the alignment of certain countries concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Myanmar/Burma,

Added:– having regard to the visit of Parliament’s Subcommittee on Human Rights to Bangladesh from 16 to 18 September 2025,

Added:– having regard to the joint statement of 17 October 2025 by the members of ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights and of the European Parliament calling for stronger EU action to reject the Myanmar junta’s elections and prioritise humanitarian protection,

Added:– having regard to the report of 20 October 2025 of the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar,

– having regard to the ‘ASEAN Leaders’ Review and Decision on the Implementation of the Five-Point Consensus’, adopted in Kuala Lumpur on 26 October 2025,

Changed:– having regard to the Charter of Fundamentalthe RightsUnited ofNations and the EuropeanUniversal Union,Declaration of Human Rights,

Changed:– having regard to the UniversalRules Declaration136(2) ofand Human(4) Rightsof andits theRules Genevaof Conventions,Procedure,

Change 1

Removed:– having regard to the UN Security Council statements on Myanmar, and UN General Assembly Resolution 75/287 on the situation in Myanmar adopted on 18 June 2021,

Added:A. whereas on 1 February 2021, the military of Myanmar, known as the Tatmadaw, in a clear violation of Myanmar’s Constitution, arrested President Win Myint and State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and seized power over the legislative, judicial and executive branches of government through a coup d’état; whereas in August 2021, the commander-in-chief, Min Aung Hlaing, declared himself Prime Minister and extended the state of emergency far beyond the deadlines initially announced;

Removed:– having regard to Rule 136(2) of its Rules of Procedure,

Added:B. whereas since 1 February 2021, politicians, government officials, civil society representatives, religious actors, peaceful protesters and journalists have been unlawfully arrested or put under house arrest; whereas the latest report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar states that, since the coup, nearly 30 000 people have been arrested and more than 22 000 political prisoners remain behind bars in October 2025; whereas at least 1 853 people have died in detention since the coup and more than 70 additional individuals died while being detained between January and July 2025;

Removed:A. whereas the military of Myanmar, known as the Tatmadaw, overthrew the elected civilian government in February 2021 and continues to commit widespread and systematic violations of international human rights and humanitarian law and perpetrate widespread crimes that may constitute crimes against humanity and war crimes; whereas these include killings, extrajudicial executions, enforced disappearances, displacement, arbitrary arrests, sexual violence, torture and air strikes; whereas violence is indiscriminately directed against civilians, particularly anti-coup opponents and ethnic and religious minorities, including Rohingya people;

Added:C. whereas the junta has dramatically escalated its indiscriminate aerial bombardments, artillery strikes and arson attacks on civilian infrastructure, including schools, medical clinics, monasteries, displacement camps and houses, destroying more than 100 000 civilian homes and killing at least 7 300 civilians since the coup; whereas the junta continues to impose forced conscription, including of young people, while conducting arbitrary arrests, torture, extrajudicial executions, enforced disappearances and sexual violence;

Removed:B. whereas Myanmar’s military has delegated nominal control to a civilian-led interim government; whereas junta leader Min Aung Hlaing remains acting President;

Added:D. whereas approximately 3.6 million people have been displaced as a result of the armed conflict and human rights violations in Myanmar; whereas at the beginning of 2025, the UN estimated that 19.9 million people were in need of humanitarian assistance, a figure that increased to 21.9 million following the earthquake in March 2025;

Removed:C. whereas the junta has intensified its repression, including arbitrary arrests, torture, enforced disappearances, sexual and gender-based violence, and the use of air strikes against civilian populations;

Added:E. whereas the situation has deteriorated further following the devastating 7.7 magnitude earthquake of 28 March 2025, after which junta forces blocked humanitarian access, threatened and extorted relief workers, confiscated medical supplies and continued air strikes and heavy-weapons attacks in civilian and disaster-affected areas, without taking measures to protect civilians, making 2025 the deadliest year air strikes since the coup;

Removed:D. whereas Myanmar’s junta has stated that it will hold general elections in late 2025 and early 2026; whereas the latest census in late 2024 covered only 145 of Myanmar’s 330 townships, being areas controlled by the junta, leaving out millions of people in areas held by resistance groups; whereas elections are planned to take place only in these areas controlled by the junta;

Added:F. whereas the economic crisis in Myanmar is deepening, with massive GDP losses, hyperinflation, currency collapse, food insecurity and poverty affecting a large share of the population, further exacerbating the ongoing humanitarian tragedy;

Removed:E. whereas according to Tom Andrews, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, 6 800 people have been killed in Myanmar since the military coup and 22 000 are detained as political prisoners;

Added:G. whereas in April 2021 the ASEAN Leaders’ Meeting resulted in a five-point consensus on the situation in Myanmar; whereas the EU supports ASEAN’s diplomatic role and efforts to end the violence in Myanmar and return power to a democratically elected civilian government; whereas ASEAN countries have officially emphasised that the cessation of violence and inclusive political dialogue must precede elections; whereas genuine national reconciliation, peace and democracy can only be achieved if the military junta relinquishes its grip on power and civilian governance is restored, along with the protection of minority rights and the participation of civil society, and if accountability for past abuses is guaranteed;

Removed:F. whereas military abuses and the escalating conflict have internally displaced more than 3.5 million people and left around 20 million in need of humanitarian assistance;

Added:H. whereas Myanmar’s predominantly Muslim Rohingya minority has endured more than five decades of state-led marginalisation; whereas the Myanmar military has subjected the Rohingya to atrocious violence amounting to crimes against humanity and war crimes; whereas according to the 1982 Citizenship Law of Myanmar, the Rohingya are not considered citizens by the authorities and thus represent the largest stateless population in the world; whereas an estimated 600 000 Rohingya remain trapped in Rakhine State and are subject to persecution and violence, confined to camps and villages without freedom of movement, and cut off from access to adequate food, health care, education and livelihoods;

Removed:G. whereas humanitarian access has been heavily restricted by the junta, severely worsening food insecurity, disease and the impact of recent natural disasters;

Added:I. whereas violence in Rakhine State has intensified dramatically since 2024, with the junta, the Arakan Army and Rohingya armed groups all implicated in grave human rights violations, including mass killings, forced recruitment of Rohingya men and boys, beheadings, arson attacks on Rohingya and Rakhine villages, drone strikes on civilians, and attacks on displacement sites; whereas between 2024 and November 2025, approximately 150 000 Rohingya fled to Bangladesh due to the escalating violence;

Removed:H. whereas on 29 July 2025 the junta enacted the Law on the Prevention of Obstruction, Disruption and Sabotage of Multiparty Democratic General Elections, which criminalises criticism of the elections by banning all speeches, organising or protests that disrupt any part of the electoral process; whereas violators of this law face up to 20 years in prison or the death penalty;

Added:J. whereas Bangladesh continues to host nearly one million Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar and Bhasan Char; whereas humanitarian assistance has reached crisis levels following the dramatic collapse of global funding; whereas continuous humanitarian aid and EU engagement is necessary and indispensable for the survival of the Rohingya; whereas the absence of prospects for voluntary, safe and dignified return leaves the Rohingya in a state of protracted displacement and deepening despair;

Removed:I. whereas the junta has adopted repressive cybersecurity, counterterrorism and media laws to criminalise dissent, restrict access to information and impose digital censorship;

Added:K. whereas credible UN, human rights and investigative bodies, as well as the UN Special Rapporteur, have documented widespread and systematic attacks against the people of Myanmar, amounting in many instances to crimes against humanity and war crimes under international law, and have underlined the need for accountability;

Removed:J. whereas the EU has adopted multiple rounds of targeted restrictive measures against the Myanmar military and its economic interests, including asset freezes, travel bans, an arms embargo, bans on dual-use goods and surveillance equipment, and prohibitions on providing funds or economic resources to listed individuals and entities, with these measures regularly expanded and renewed in response to ongoing atrocities;

Added:L. whereas the EU and its Member States have consistently called for accountability for crimes against the Rohingya and supported international justice processes; whereas in November 2024, the International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor requested an arrest warrant for Myanmar’s Commander-in-Chief Min Aung Hlaing, which remains pending before the ICC; whereas impunity for serious violations continues;

Removed:K. whereas some EU companies and financial institutions have maintained indirect links with military-owned conglomerates despite the sanctions regime;

Added:M. whereas the EU has increased its restrictive measures against Myanmar since the 2021 military coup, adopting eight packages of sanctions targeting Myanmar’s military regime so far; whereas these packages of sanctions include travel bans for individuals, a ban on surveillance equipment an arms embargo, an export ban on dual-use goods and asset freezes for individuals and entities;

Removed:L. whereas attacks by the Tatmadaw in 2017 on hundreds of Rohingya villages resulted in an estimated 25 000 deaths and forced at least 740 000 people to flee to Bangladesh;

Added:N. whereas Myanmar’s military authorities continue to restrict internet access, impose nationwide and localised shutdowns, criminalise online expression through the 2025 Cybersecurity Law, ban virtual private networks, censor digital platforms and arrest those expressing dissent online, severely undermining freedom of expression and access to information;

Removed:M. whereas the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar established by the UN Human Rights Council concluded in September 2019 that ‘600 000 Rohingya remaining inside Myanmar face systematic persecution and live under the threat of genocide’;

Added:O. whereas on 29 July 2025, the junta enacted the draconian Law on the Protection of Multiparty Democratic General Elections from Obstruction, Disruption and Destruction, which criminalises criticism of the electoral process by banning any speeches, organised gatherings, or peaceful protests deemed to ‘disrupt’ the electoral process; whereas over 40 political parties have been dissolved following the enactment of this law; whereas violations of this law carry up to 20 years in prison and even the death penalty;

Removed:N. whereas significant accountability measures are being introduced, with the International Criminal Court (ICC) investigating atrocity crimes committed in Myanmar and Bangladesh, and the International Court of Justice having issued provisional measures in the genocide case brought by The Gambia against Myanmar;

Added:P. whereas since August 2025, junta authorities have arrested at least 94 individuals, including four children, under this law for their online activity and acts including distributing stickers or leaflets and delivering speeches, among other alleged acts of ‘interference’; whereas on 9 September 2025 Nay Thway was sentenced to seven years of hard labour in Taunggyi, Shan State, for a Facebook post criticising the junta; whereas on 29 October 2025, filmmakers Zambu Htun Thet Lwin and Aung Chan Lu were arrested for merely ‘liking’ a Facebook post critical of an election propaganda film;

Removed:O. whereas in November 2024, the ICC Prosecutor requested an arrest warrant for Myanmar’s Commander-in-Chief Min Aung Hlaing, which remains pending before the ICC; whereas impunity for serious violations continues;

Added:Q. whereas the military junta is attempting to fabricate legitimacy through fraudulent multiphase elections scheduled for 28 December 2025 and 11 January 2026; whereas these illegitimate elections are being organised in parts of the country controlled by the military junta and in an environment of systematic repression, including the mass arrests of opposition leaders, the dissolution of political parties such as the National League for Democracy, the criminalisation of dissent, pervasive surveillance, severe restrictions on movement, and the imprisonment of journalists, pro-democracy activists and human rights defenders;

Removed:P. whereas over one million Rohingya people remain displaced, the majority in Bangladesh, and continue to face persecution, statelessness and severe restrictions on their movement;

Added:1. Strongly condemns the coup d’état that took place on 1 February 2021 in Myanmar and the junta’s violent and illegitimate rule, including the ongoing repression at the hands of the Tatmadaw and the grave human rights violations committed against civilians, ethnic minorities and political opponents; calls on the Tatmadaw to fully respect the outcome of the democratic elections of November 2020 and to immediately reinstate the civilian government, end the state of emergency, cease the use of violence against peaceful protesters, respect the right to freedom of expression and association, and allow all elected parliamentarians to assume their mandates without restriction;

Removed:1. Strongly condemns the ongoing illegal seizure of power by the military junta, its systematic attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, and the violation of UN Security Council resolutions and the 5PC;

Added:2. Expresses profound alarm at the methods of brutal repression employed by the junta, including forced conscription, torture, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention, sexual and gender-based violence, and systemic impunity;

Removed:2. Expresses its unwavering solidarity with the people of Myanmar in their struggle for democracy, dignity and fundamental rights; honours the courage of all those resisting oppression, including ethnic minorities, women, young people and workers; reaffirms its commitment to supporting their aspirations for a just, inclusive and democratic future free from military rule and from external pressure or interference; emphasises that Myanmar’s sovereignty and political trajectory should reflect the aspirations of its citizens;

Added:3. Calls for an immediate ceasefire and an end to the violence as a prerequisite for sustainable, lasting, long-term peace for the people of Myanmar; emphasises that no transparent, inclusive electoral process is possible without bringing the violence in Myanmar to an end; stresses that any elections held in the current atmosphere of fear and repression and in breach of all international standards cannot be considered free and fair;

Removed:3. Condemns the junta’s actions since the 2021 coup, including the banning of dozens of political parties and the arbitrary detention of an estimated 30 000 people, who are being held as political prisoners, among them elected representatives, activists, journalists and human rights defenders; denounces the junta’s systematic dismantling of democratic institutions, its suppression of dissent, and the escalating campaign of intimidation and violence aimed at entrenching its illegitimate rule;