What changed between the plenary report and the adopted text

Changed:(3) On 13 September 2023, as part of a comprehensive approach to support responsible innovation in AI, the Commission announced a new strategic initiative to make the Union’s high performance computing capacity available to innovative European startupsstart-ups in trustworthy AI to train their models. That complements work on setting guardrails for AI through Regulation (EU) 2024/… , establishing governance structures, and supporting innovation through the Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence.

Changed:(5) The new objective would allow the Joint Undertaking to perform activities in the domains of upgrading or acquiring and operating AI-dedicated supercomputers or partitions of supercomputers to enable fast machine learning and training of trustworthy and ethical large AI foundation models thus strengthening the Union's competitiveness and industrial base in AI. The Joint Undertaking should also be allowed to create a new access mode to its computing resources in particular for AI startupsstart-ups and the wider scientific community active in AI and to develop dedicated AI applications models and systems optimised to run on its supercomputers while safeguarding open access, fairness and transparency. Those changes would enable the Joint Undertaking to offer tailored computing power and services to nurture large-scale AI training and development and uptake in the Union, which is not feasible under the current Regulation.

Changed:(5b) The resolution of the European Parliament of 14 December 2023 on increasing innovation, industrial and technological competitiveness through a favourable environment for start-ups and scale-ups stresses that scale-ups play a critical role in driving innovation, job creation, and economic growth in the Union and calls on the Commission and Member States to adopt a proper definition of scale-ups based on scalability, while taking into account how they differ from start-ups, scale-upsstart-ups and SMEs. The Joint Undertaking’s governing board should define conditions to access such AI-dedicated supercomputers and relevant support services for different categories users, such as start-ups, scale-ups, SMEs, higher education institutions and research centres, with the aim of overcoming cost constraints and a lack of resource expertise.

Changed:(5d) As the use of supercomputers for AI requires a significant increase in computational power, which in turn leads to a greater consumption of energy, the hosting entities should have plans regarding their energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. Those plans should ensure that the supercomputer has access to a secure and stable grid connection and electricity supply, preferably through clean affordable energy, including the use of power purchase agreements, which can also be based on renewable energy, and the use of electricity that is locally generated. Furthermore, AI models should comply with energy consumption requirements laid down in Regulation ...(EU) 2024/… [the Artificial Intelligence Act]. Reporting obligations for general-purpose AI models laid down in that Regulation are to be complied with.