What changed between the plenary report and the adopted text

The European Parliament,

– having regard to its resolution of 8 May 2025 on Banking Union – annual report 20241,

– having regard to the Commission’s follow-up to Parliament’s resolution of 8 May 2025 on Banking Union – annual report 2024,

– having regard to the document published by the European Central Bank (ECB) entitled ‘Feedback on the European Parliament’s resolution on Banking Union – annual report 2024’,

– having regard to the ECB’s 2024 Annual Report on supervisory activities, published on 28 April 2025,

– having regard to the 2024 Annual Report of the Single Resolution Board (SRB), published on 26 June 2025,

– having regard to the adoption of the Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD)2 and the Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (AMLR)3, and to the establishment of the Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA)4,

– having regard to the implementation of the Basel III standards, namely to the adoption of amendments to the Capital Requirements Directive5 and to the Capital Requirements Regulation6,

– having regard to the adoption of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/2795 of 24 July 2024 amending Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the date of application of the own funds requirements for market risk7,

– having regard to its position at first reading of 24 April 2024 on the proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) No 806/2014 as regards early intervention measures, conditions for resolution and funding of resolution action8,

– having regard to its position at first reading of 24 April 2024 on the proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2014/59/EU as regards early intervention measures, conditions for resolution and financing of resolution action9,

– having regard to its position at first reading of 24 April 2024 on the proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2014/49/EU as regards the scope of deposit protection, use of deposit guarantee schemes funds, cross-border cooperation, and transparency10,

– having regard to the Commission Communication ‘Savings and Investments Union – A Strategy to Foster Citizens’ Wealth and Economic Competitiveness in the EU’ (COM(2025)0124),

– having regard to Enrico Letta’s report of 10 April 2024 entitled ‘Much more than a market – Speed, security, solidarity: empowering the Single Market to deliver a sustainable future and prosperity for all EU Citizens’,

– having regard to Mario Draghi’s report of 9 September 2024 entitled ‘The future of European competitiveness’,

– having regard to the Eurogroup statement of 11 March 2024 on the future of Capital Markets Union, and to the Eurogroup statement of 16 June 2022 on the future of the Banking Union and the Eurogroup follow-up thereto of 28 April 2023,

– having regard to the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s publications entitled ‘Disclosure of cryptoasset exposures’ and ‘Cryptoasset standard amendments’, both published on 17 July 2024,

– having regard to the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s publication of 25 April 2024 entitled ‘Core Principles for effective banking supervision’,

– having regard to the ECB’s Financial Stability Review of 17 November 2025,

– having regard to the Financial Stability Board publication of 9 November 2015 entitled ‘Principles on Loss-absorbing and Recapitalisation Capacity of G-SIBs in Resolution’,

– having regard to the Financial Stability Board report of 10 October 2023 entitled ‘2023 Bank Failures – Preliminary lessons learnt for resolution’,

– having regard to the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) supervisory priorities for 2025-2027,

– having regard to the SRB’s biannual reporting note to the Eurogroup of November 2025,

– having regard to the report of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision of 10 July 2025 entitled ‘Banks interconnections with non-bank financial intermediaries’,

– having regard to the outcome of the 2025 EU-wide transparency exercise of the European Banking Authority of December 2025,

– having regard to Special Report 12/2023 of the European Court of Auditors of 12 May 2023 entitled ‘EU supervision of banks’ credit risk – The ECB stepped up its efforts but more is needed to increase assurance that credit risk is properly managed and covered’,

– having regard to the statements by Claudia Buch, Chair of the Supervisory Board of the ECB, at the hearings conducted by Parliament’s Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs on 27 March 2025, 15 July 2025 and 5 November 2025,

– having regard to the statements by Dominique Laboureix, Chair of the SRB, at the hearings conducted by Parliament’s Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs on 3 March 2025, 15 July 2025 and 5 November 2025,

– having regard to the European Banking Authority’s risk assessment reports of June 2025,

– having regard to its resolution of 14 March 2019 on gender balance in EU economic and monetary affairs nominations11,

– having regard to its resolution of 25 March 2021 on strengthening the international role of the euro12,

– having regard to Rule 55 of its Rules of Procedure,

– having regard to the report of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (A10-0079/2026),

A. whereas the Banking Union aims to safeguard banking stability and thereby the financial system, avoid taxpayer-funded bailouts, strengthen resilience, enable orderly resolution, reduce market fragmentation, improve depositor protection, and enhance competitiveness, cross-border activity and access to finance, thereby reducing costs for banks’ customers; whereas banks’ services are important to citizens and businesses; whereas the EU’s banking landscape and its various banking structures are diverse; whereas the ‘too big to fail’ risk has not been fully addressed;

B. whereas the Banking Union aims to ensure that banks are robust and able to withstand any future financial crises; whereas non-viable banks are resolved without recourse to taxpayers’ money and with minimal impact on the real economy, and market fragmentation is reduced through harmonised financial sector rules;

C. whereas a strong and diversified banking sector is key to delivering economic growth, financing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and start-ups and ensuring the transition to a green and digital economy;

D. whereas the Banking Union, consisting of the SSM and the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM), aligns supervision with crisis management, and ensures a high level of deposit protection, but remains incomplete without an EDIS;

E. whereas a completed Banking Union would be a positive development for citizens and the EU economy, providing the basis for a more stable banking system, reduction of systemic risk, enhanced competition, improved consumer choice, increased opportunities for cross-border banking and access to retail financial services, greater economic investment, better access to funding for households and businesses, and lower costs for banking customers;

F. whereas non-bank financial intermediaries (NBFIs, or ‘shadow banks’) remain outside the Banking Union architecture, thereby making the EU banking sector vulnerable to risks;

G. whereas financial stability is a prerequisite for effective monetary policy and a resilient financial system; whereas the EU has already agreed its implementation of the Basel III framework and should implement the Basel III standards while taking into account the competitiveness of the EU banking sector, as well as international developments;

H. whereas the Russian aggression against Ukraine and its economic and social consequences is having and will continue to have a direct and indirect impact on the EU banking sector; whereas EU banks play a pivotal role in ensuring the ongoing implementation of and compliance with the sanctions imposed by the EU against Russia in response to the invasion;

I. whereas one of the key objectives of the Banking Union is that taxpayers should not bear the cost of remedial action when a bank fails;

J. whereas climate change, environmental degradation and the transition to a low-carbon economy may pose risks to financial stability and are factors that may be taken into account in assessing the risks for banks;

K. whereas a digital euro would enhance EU payment efficiency, resilience, financial inclusion, innovation, public confidence and the euro’s international role;

L. whereas EU banks have posted record profits since 2022 thanks to delayed pass-through of monetary tightening policies; whereas several Member States have introduced temporary bank levies to ensure a fair contribution while safeguarding stability and social cohesion;

M. whereas in its Communication entitled the ‘Savings and Investments Union’ of March 2025, the Commission commits to taking ‘decisive steps to further develop the Banking Union, including by identifying a way forward on the European Deposit Insurance Scheme’, but has still not tabled any proposal related to the completion of the Banking Union since then;

N. whereas banks are a fundamental pillar of our economy and the banking sector is among the most strategically important sectors; whereas stability, resilience and competitiveness are fundamental to ensuring that the financial system can adapt to global challenges, foster innovation and effectively meet the needs of businesses and citizens;

O. whereas e-money tokens are increasingly being used and are becoming more closely interconnected with banks within the Banking Union;

General considerations

1. Welcomes the progress made with the SSM and SRM over the past decade; calls for a full and swift completion of the Banking Union, including continued work towards establishing its third Pillar, the EDIS, and measures to deepen market integration and facilitate the effective circulation of capital and liquidity within banking groups; stresses that the Banking Union must support a more inclusive, competitive and sustainable financial system aligned with social cohesion and the twin transition;

2. Calls on the Commission to prioritise the completion of the Banking Union and the Savings and Investments Union (SIU); highlights their importance for citizens, SMEs and the real economy by fostering resilience, sustainable prosperity, quality jobs and financial stability; underlines the fact that a more integrated Banking Union would support the growth and competitiveness of European banks; underlines the need for a strong and robust framework that is based on clear rules and obligations and that prevents bank runs, enhances financial stability and competitiveness, and strengthens the EU’s banking sector; stresses that completing the Capital Markets Union alongside developing the Banking Union will help to deliver better conditions for the financing of the European economy, both for households and for companies that are still largely reliant on bank credit to foster investments and job creation, while also contributing to the resilience of the European economy;

3. Highlights the fact that the interest rates offered to households and SMEs across the Member States are highly disparate; encourages the Commission to consider measures to ensure better access to finance for all citizens and businesses, especially in the case of SMEs requiring much-needed capital at fair and competitive rates;