Plenary report, 17 April 2026
On the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2004/37/EC as regards the addition of substances and setting limit values in its Annexes I, III and IIIa
Report A-10-2026-0100 · (COM(2025)0418 – C100180/2025 – 2025/0232(COD))
Committee on Employment and Social Affairs · Rapporteur: Liesbet Sommen
AI:In short
Parliament's amended version of the Commission proposal to amend Directive 2004/37/EC on workers' exposure to carcinogens, mutagens and reprotoxic substances. It adds new definitions, new Annex I entries for welding fumes and hazardous medicinal products, and binding limit values for cobalt, isoprene, 1,4-dioxane and mercury compounds. It requires the Commission to propose limit values for welding fumes within three years and to include aircraft engine emissions in Annex I, and to consult the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work on compensation for occupational diseases. It sets rules on personal protective equipment, workers' breaks, training, gender mainstreaming, firefighters' protection, combined exposure to substances, and support for small and medium-sized enterprises. Member States must transpose the directive within two years of its entry into force.
Position. The Committee on Employment and Social Affairs adopts Parliament's first-reading position amending the Commission proposal. It adds definitions, Annex I entries and binding limit values for cobalt, isoprene, 1,4-dioxane and mercury compounds, and requires further Commission action on welding fumes, aircraft engine emissions and occupational disease compensation.
Key points
- Adds a definition of hazardous medicinal products as those containing category 1A or 1B carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances, and a definition of medicinal products.
- Adds to Annex I work involving exposure to welding fumes and fumes from other processes generating fumes in a similar way that contain such substances.
- Adds to Annex I work involving exposure to hazardous medicinal products containing category 1A or 1B carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances.
- Sets a long-term occupational exposure limit value for isoprene of 8,5 mg/m3 (3 ppm).
- Sets long- and short-term occupational exposure limit values for 1,4-dioxane of 7,3 mg/m³ (2 ppm) and 73 mg/m³ (20 ppm), with a skin notation and a biological limit value of 45 mg HEAA in urine/g creatinine measured at the end of exposure or shift.
- Introduces a transitional period of six years for cobalt and its inorganic compounds, during which limit values of 0,02 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction) and 0,0042 mg/m³ (respirable fraction) apply.
- Clarifies that the limit value for mercury applies only to mercury and divalent inorganic mercury compounds that fall within the scope of Directive 2004/37/EC.
- Requires personal protective equipment, in particular respiratory protective devices, to be used where residual exposure cannot be reduced below limit values, and to be correctly maintained, selected and adjusted to fit the wearer.
- Gives workers wearing personal protective equipment the right to regular breaks of an appropriate duration in an area free of contamination risk.
- Requires training to cover residual risks linked to binding limit values and to be adapted when risks change, including exposure to hazardous medicinal products.
- Requires the Commission to begin consultation with the ACSH within 12 months on updating Commission Recommendation (EU) 2022/2337 on compensation for occupational diseases, and to include aircraft engine emissions in Annex I.
- Requires the Commission to propose limit values for welding fumes within three years, and to take into account RAC and ACSH opinions when proposing limit values, giving reasons if no opinion exists.
Who is affected
- Employers in sectors using cobalt, isoprene, 1,4-dioxane, welding fumes or hazardous medicinal products, who must apply the new limit values and protective measures.
- Workers exposed to carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances, who gain new protection rules, training and break entitlements.
- Firefighters and emergency services personnel, for whom risk assessment, decontamination and guidance on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are required.
- Small and medium-sized enterprises including microenterprises, which Member States must monitor and may support financially and technically.
- Member States, which must transpose the directive within two years and improve data collection on exposures.
Figures and deadlines
- 0,01 mg/m³ for the inhalable fraction and 0,0025 mg/m³ for the respirable fraction — cobalt limit values that are difficult to comply with in the short term.
- six years after entry into force — transitional period for cobalt, during which 0,02 mg/m³ (inhalable) and 0,0042 mg/m³ (respirable) apply.
- 8,5 mg/m3 (3 ppm) — long-term occupational exposure limit value for isoprene.
- 7,3 mg/m³ (2 ppm) and 73 mg/m³ (20 ppm) — long- and short-term limit values for 1,4-dioxane.
- 45 mg HEAA in urine/g creatinine — biological limit value for 1,4-dioxane, measured at the end of exposure or shift.
- approximately 330 % by 2050 — projected rise in cobalt consumption due to the green transition.
- 12 months after entry into force — deadline for the Commission to begin consultation with the ACSH on updating Recommendation (EU) 2022/2337.
- 3 years after entry into force — deadline for the Commission to propose limit values for welding fumes.
Legal basis. Article 294(2) and Article 153(1) and (2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
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Draft european parliament legislative resolution 240 paragraphs
(COM(2025)0418 – C100180/2025 – 2025/0232(COD))
(Ordinary legislative procedure: first reading)
The European Parliament,
–having regard to the Commission proposal to Parliament and the Council (COM(2025)0418),
–having regard to Article 294(2) and Article 153 (1) and (2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, pursuant to which the Commission submitted the proposal to Parliament (C100180/2025),
–having regard to Article 294(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
–having regard to Rule 60 of its Rules of Procedure,
–having regard to the report of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (A10-0100/2026),
1.Adopts its position at first reading hereinafter set out;
2.Calls on the Commission to refer the matter to Parliament again if it replaces, substantially amends or intends to substantially amend its proposal;
3.Instructs its President to forward its position to the Council, the Commission and the national parliaments.
Amendment 1
Read the rest (228 paragraphs)
Proposal for a directive
Recital 1
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (1) To improve the protection of workers against risks from exposure to carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances at the place of work and ensure the same minimum level of protection across the Union, regular updates of Directive 2004/37/EC of the European Parliament and the Council3 are necessary. Occupational exposure limit values should be established or revised in light of available information, including up-to-date scientific evidence and technical data, and should be based on a thorough assessment of the socio-economic impact and feasibility factors. That information should, if possible, include opinions of the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) established by Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council4 and opinions of the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work (ACSH)5. | (1) To improve the protection of workers against risks from exposure to carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances at the place of work and ensure the same minimum level of protection across the Union, regular updates of Directive 2004/37/EC of the European Parliament and the Council3 are necessary. Occupational exposure limit values should be established or revised in light of available information, including up-to-date scientific evidence and technical data, and should be based on a thorough assessment of the socio-economic impact and feasibility factors. It is essential that such information include opinions of the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) established by Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council4 and opinions of the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work (ACSH)5. Those opinions provide the necessary scientific evidence to substantiate any Commission proposal to amend Directive 2004/37/EC. Moreover, they are based on practical experience and the realities of the workplace across the Union and reflect a broad consensus. Rules based on such opinions can therefore be implemented in the Member States in practice. Opinions of the ACSH, which are the outcome of tripartite consensus, are of particular importance in this context. In the absence of opinions of the RAC or of the ACSH, the Commission should set out, in its proposal, the reasons underpinning it, on the basis of scientific evidence. |
| 3 Directive 2004/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances at work (Sixth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Council Directive 89/391/EEC) (codified version), (OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 50). | 3 Directive 2004/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances at work (Sixth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Council Directive 89/391/EEC) (codified version), (OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 50). |
| 4 Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC (OJ L 396, 30.12.2006, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2006/1907/oj). | 4 Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC (OJ L 396, 30.12.2006, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2006/1907/oj). |
| 5 Council Decision of 22 July 2003 setting up an Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work (OJ C 218, 13.9.2003, p. 1). | 5 Council Decision of 22 July 2003 setting up an Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work (OJ C 218, 13.9.2003, p. 1). |
Amendment 2
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (2) Directive 2004/37/EC covers substances or mixtures which meet the criteria for classification as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen, mutagen or reprotoxic set out in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council6 as well as substances, mixtures or processes referred to in Annex I to that Directive. Robust scientific evidence is to be provided for any new addition to the list of substances, mixtures and processes referred to in that Annex I to demonstrate that these substances, mixtures and processes fall under the scope of Directive 2004/37/EC, based on available valid scientific sources such as the ECHA, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and national bodies, paying particular attention to peer-reviewed published literature on that substance. | (2) Directive 2004/37/EC covers substances and mixtures which meet the criteria for classification as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen, mutagen or reprotoxic set out in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council6 as well as substances, mixtures and processes referred to in Annex I to that Directive. Robust scientific evidence is to be provided for any new addition to the list of substances, mixtures and processes referred to in that Annex I to demonstrate that these substances, mixtures and processes fall within the scope of Directive 2004/37/EC, based on available valid scientific sources such as the ECHA, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and national bodies, paying particular attention to peer-reviewed published literature on those substances, mixtures and processes. It remains essential that the Commission accelerates the procedure for assessment of hazardous substances, mixtures and processes, with a view to setting occupational exposure limit values for a greater number thereof and ensuring the highest level of protection for workers, including by increasing the scientific and administrative capacity of all Union bodies involved. |
| 6 Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (OJ L 353, 31.12.2008, p. 1). | 6 Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (OJ L 353, 31.12.2008, p. 1). |
Amendment 3
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (2a) Workers may be more exposed and more vulnerable to different types of substances depending on their gender, and this should be considered in occupational health and safety research, scientific studies and in the opinions of the RAC and ACSH. It is essential that gender mainstreaming is an integral part of the development of all occupational safety and health policies and prevention strategies at Union level and that gender-specific vulnerability and differences in exposure patterns, physiological susceptibility and health outcomes are taken into account in future revisions of Directive 2004/37/EC, especially when setting occupational exposure limits, while ensuring the participation of men and women in the labour market. |
Amendment 4
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2 b (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (2b) Certain substances covered by Directive 2004/37/EC are used in sectors of strategic importance to the Union. While advancing the industrial transition, stimulating the circular economy and maintaining and enhancing the international strategic autonomy in raw materials are all priorities of the Union, it is also essential to ensure that all workers receive a high and comparable level of protection against health risks related to occupational exposure, in line with the objectives of ensuring a high level of human health protection and, preventing physical illness and diseases, and obviating sources of danger to physical health laid down in Article 168(1) TFEU. Principle 10 of the European Pillar of Social Rights also provides for the right of workers to a high level of protection of their health and safety at work, which includes protection from the exposure to carcinogens, mutagens and reprotoxic substances at the place of work. In this regard, the process for setting occupational exposure limit values takes into account not only scientific and health considerations, but also socioeconomic aspects, which in some cases justifies the establishment of transitional periods. For certain substances, the ACSH may recommend that further revisions be considered to allow, in the light of evolving scientific, technical, and socio-economic knowledge, the adoption of solutions that guarantee a level of protection more closely aligned with acceptable levels of risk to workers' health. |
Amendment 5
Proposal for a directive
Recital 3
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (3) The IARC classified welding fumes as ‘carcinogenic to humans’ (Group 1 of the IARC classification). According to the ECHA scoping study7 , welding fumes are complex and may include carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances, such as chromium(VI) compounds, nickel compounds, cadmium and its inorganic compounds. The complexity and heterogeneity of welding fumes, together with the absence of harmonised classification in the Regulation (EC) 1272/2008, contribute to a lack of clarity on their possible dangerousness for workers, and therefore a lack of appropriate risk management measures at the workplace. Addressing that absence of classification for welding fumes at Union level would ensure more legal clarity in terms of the application of Directive 2004/37EC. It is therefore appropriate, in line with the opinion of the ACSH8 , to include in Annex I to Directive 2004/37/EC work involving exposure to fumes from welding processes containing substances that meet the criteria for a substance or mixture which meets the criteria for classification as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen, mutagen or reprotoxic set out in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. | (3) The IARC classified welding fumes as ‘carcinogenic to humans’ (Group 1 of the IARC classification). According to the ECHA scoping study7, welding fumes and fumes from other processes that generate fumes in a similar way, are complex and may include carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances, such as chromium(VI) compounds, nickel compounds, cadmium and its inorganic compounds. The complexity and heterogeneity of welding and other fumes, together with the absence of harmonised classification in the Regulation (EC) 1272/2008, contribute to a lack of clarity on their possible dangerousness for workers, and therefore a lack of appropriate risk management measures at the workplace. Addressing that absence of classification for welding fumes at Union level would ensure more legal clarity in terms of the application of Directive 2004/37EC. It is therefore appropriate, in line with the opinion of the ACSH8, to include in Annex I to Directive 2004/37/EC work involving exposure to welding fumes and fumes from other processes that generate fumes in a similar way, containing substances that meet the criteria for a substance or mixture which meets the criteria for classification as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen, mutagen or reprotoxic set out in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. That ACSH opinion also identified the need for further measures to reduce health effects of exposure to particulates from welding fumes and other sources, including the establishment of a general dust limit under Council Directive 98/24/EC8a. The opinion also included a strong recommendation to develop guidance on welding fumes. In addition to the existing guidance, such as the Guidance for National Labour Inspectors on addressing health risks from Welding Fume8b developed by the Senior Labour Inspectorate Committee in 2018, further guidance, on the basis of the latest scientific evidence, could be crucial in assisting labour inspectors and enterprises, especially SMEs including microenterprises, in ensuring compliance with the relevant welding fumes entry in Annex I to Directive 2004/37/EC. Such guidance could serve to promote, inter alia, a common minimum high level of protection for all workers exposed to welding fumes across the Member States. It is also appropriate for the Commission to prioritise the assessment of the usefulness of further guidance in the context of evaluating the current EU Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work and developing the possible post-2027 EU Strategic Framework and to promote the exchange of best practices among Member States. |
| 7 ECHA (2022), Scoping Study report for evaluation of limit values for welding fumes and fumes from other processes that generate fume in a similar way at the workplace, available at: report_welding_fumes_en.pdf (europa.eu) | 7 ECHA (2022), Scoping Study report for evaluation of limit values for welding fumes and fumes from other processes that generate fume in a similar way at the workplace, available at: report_welding_fumes_en.pdf (europa.eu) |
| 8 ACSH (2023), Opinion on introducing work involving exposure to fumes from welding processes containing substances that meet the criteria for CMR category 1A/1B set out in Annex I to the CLP Regulation, Doc. 006/23, available at: ACSH Adopted opinion Welding fumes 22.09.23-EN.pdf (europa.eu) | 8 ACSH (2023), Opinion on introducing work involving exposure to fumes from welding processes containing substances that meet the criteria for CMR category 1A/1B set out in Annex I to the CLP Regulation, Doc. 006/23, available at: ACSH Adopted opinion Welding fumes 22.09.23-EN.pdf (europa.eu) |
| 8a Council Directive 98/24/EC of 7 April 1998 on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work (fourteenth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) - (OJ L 131, 5.5.1998, p. 11). | |
| 8b Senior Labour Inspectors Committee (2018), Guidance for National Labour Inspectors on addressing health risks from Welding Fume. Available at: https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/fea534f4-2590-4490-bca6-504782b47c79/library/2997b89a-1fbd-4f35-9874-9a9b5ea1a403?p=1&n=-1&sort=name_ASC |
Amendment 6
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (6) For cobalt and its inorganic compounds, it is foreseeable that it will be difficult to comply with a limit value of 0,01 mg/m³ for the inhalable fraction and 0,0025 mg/m³ for the respirable fraction in the short term. It is therefore appropriate to introduce a transitional period of six years after entry into force of this Directive, during which the limit values of 0,02 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction) and 0,0042 mg/m³ (respirable fraction) should apply. | (6) For cobalt and its inorganic compounds, it is foreseeable that it will be difficult to comply with a limit value of 0,01 mg/m³ for the inhalable fraction and 0,0025 mg/m³ for the respirable fraction in the short term. It is therefore appropriate to introduce a transitional period of six years after entry into force of this Directive, during which the limit values of 0,02 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction) and 0,0042 mg/m³ (respirable fraction) should apply. Some sectors may face difficulties in complying with the occupational exposure limits (OELs). In those sectors it is necessary that respiratory protective equipment is available and used by workers when the lower limit values cannot be complied with otherwise, to ensure that workers are appropriately protected. It is necessary that all Member States implement the rules set out in Article 5, in accordance with the hierarchy of controls, to eliminate or minimise workers’ exposure in a consistent manner, in order to ensure a level playing field. |
Amendment 7
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (6a) Cobalt is used in several sectors of strategic importance to reach the goals set out in the European Green Deal and Union Climate Law, such as the batteries sector. Cobalt is a hazardous metal posing serious health risks to workers, such as respiratory problems, heart, thyroid, liver or kidney damage and potential cancer and its consumption is projected to rise by approximately 330 % by 2050 as a result of the green transition1a, making it particularly important to ensure a high level of protection of workers’ health and safety. OELs for Cobalt and its inorganic compounds are thus necessary to help prevent long-term effects on the health and wellbeing of workers and to support the attractiveness, competitiveness and thus long-term sustainability of the cobalt industry in the Union. | |
| 1a Commission Staff Working Document, Impact Assessment Report accompanying the Proposal for a Directive amending Directive 2004/37/EC, SWD(2025) 192 final https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52025SC0192#:~:text=Document%2052025SC0192,SWD/2025/192%20final |
Amendment 8
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6 b (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (6b) Because of the harmful properties of cobalt and its inorganic compounds, relocation of cobalt-processing enterprises to third countries with less stringent occupational safety and health regulations needs to be avoided at all times. |
Amendment 9
Proposal for a directive
Recital 8 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (8a) Isoprene meets the criteria for classification as carcinogenic (category 1B) in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and is therefore a carcinogen as defined in Directive 2004/37/EC. It is therefore appropriate, on the basis of the available information, including scientific and technical data, including the RAC1a and ACSH opinions, to establish a longterm occupational exposure limit value of 8,5 mg/m3 (3 ppm). | |
| 1a https://echa.europa.eu/oels-activity-list/-/substance-rev/62301/term |
Amendment 10
Proposal for a directive
Recital 8 b (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (8b) Short-term or single exposure to isoprene may cause irritation to the nose, throat, and lungs, and can lead to symptoms such as headache or dizziness. Chronic and high exposure may lead to liver cancer but also anaemia, degeneration of olfactory epithelium and degeneration of spinal cord white matter. While for the time being the exposure of workers is still low, a binding occupational exposure limit for isoprene is nevertheless needed to prevent potential risks arising in the future and to secure a level-playing field across Members States. |
Amendment 11
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (9) 1,4-dioxane meets the criteria for classification as carcinogenic (category 1B) in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and is therefore a carcinogen within the meaning of Directive 2004/37/EC. It is therefore appropriate, based on the available information, including scientific and technical data, including the RAC12 and ACSH opinions, to establish a long- and short-term occupational exposure limit value of 7,3 mg/m³ (2 ppm) and 73 mg/m³ (20 ppm), respectively, supplemented by a skin notation and a biological limit value of 45 mg HEAA in urine/g creatinine, at the end of exposure or shift. | (9) 1,4-dioxane meets the criteria for classification as carcinogenic (category 1B) in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and is therefore a carcinogen within the meaning of Directive 2004/37/EC. It is therefore appropriate, based on the available information, including scientific and technical data, including the RAC12 and ACSH opinions, to establish a long- and short-term occupational exposure limit value of 7,3 mg/m³ (2 ppm) and 73 mg/m³ (20 ppm), respectively, supplemented by a skin notation and a biological limit value of 45 mg HEAA in urine/g creatinine, measured at the end of exposure or shift. |
| 12 https://echa.europa.eu/oels-activity-list/-/substance-rev/61801 | 12 https://echa.europa.eu/oels-activity-list/-/substance-rev/61801 |
Amendment 12
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (9a) Directive (EU) 2022/431 of the European Parliament and the Council1a extended the scope of Directive 2004/37/EC to include reprotoxic substances, including mercury and divalent inorganic mercury compounds, which were added to Annex III to Directive 2004/37/EC. Since not all divalent inorganic mercury compounds can be classified as reprotoxic substances, it is necessary to clarify that the limit value applies only to mercury and divalent inorganic mercury compounds that fall within the scope of Directive 2004/37/EC. The term ‘mercury and divalent inorganic mercury compounds including mercuric oxide and mercuric chloride (measured as mercury)’ should therefore be replaced by the term ‘mercury and divalent inorganic mercury compounds that fall within the scope of Directive 2004/37/EC (measured as mercury)’. | |
| 1a Directive (EU) 2022/431 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2022 amending Directive 2004/37/EC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work (OJ L 88, 16.3.2022, p. 1). |
Amendment 13
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9 b (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (9b) Directive (EU) 2022/431 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2022 amending Directive 2004/37/EC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work requested the Commission to develop a definition for hazardous medicinal products, publish guidelines and establish an indicative list of hazardous medicinal products or the substances contained therein. While this work has been undertaken, no definition for hazardous medicinal products have to date been included in Union legislation. In order to ensure legal completeness and provide regulatory clarity on the matter, it is therefore appropriate to add such a definition in this Directive. |
Amendment 14
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9 c (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (9c) Workers in several sectors, including aviation ground operations, may be exposed to aircraft engine exhaust emissions (“jet exhaust”), a complex mixture of ultrafine particles and hazardous substances. Evidence from inspections, literature reviews and enforcement action shows that aircraft exhaust contains numerous carcinogenic substances and that exposure can reach extremely high levels in real working conditions. In its final ruling of 3 April 2025 concerning Schiphol airport, the Netherlands Labour Authority found that workers were routinely exposed to exceptionally high concentrations of ultrafine particles—sometimes reaching several million particles per cm³—and in many cases were standing directly in the path of aircraft engine exhaust during routine operations. The Netherlands Labour Authority identified 142 substances and 15 substance groups in aircraft exhaust, including 44 classified as carcinogenic, and concluded that exposure posed a serious and urgent risk to workers’ health, including increased risks of lung cancer, bladder cancer, COPD and cardiovascular disease. In that ruling, extensive and mandatory measures were imposed to reduce exposure. Given the severity of the health consequences, the demonstrated widespread exposure, and the lack of a harmonised Union-level limit value, it is necessary for the Union to accelerate scientific assessment and move towards establishing an occupational exposure limit value for aircraft engine exhaust emissions. |
Amendment 15
Proposal for a directive
Recital 9 d (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (9d) In order to prevent or reduce exposure to carcinogens, mutagens and reprotoxic substances, Directive 2004/37/EC sets out a hierarchy of technical and organisational measures. In this context personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular respiratory equipment, should be used where appropriate, as a last resort. It is necessary to ensure that PPE is adjusted to a particular worker’s body-type and shape and that it is appropriately maintained, so that it can be an effective tool by which to reduce or eliminate exposure. Employers should therefore ensure that PPE is individually adjusted, including through fitting checks, in accordance with Council Directive 89/656/EEC. |
Amendment 16
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11a) The occupational exposure limit values set by Directive 2004/37/EC are essential for ensuring minimum standards at Union level to protect workers from dangerous substances. They should be kept under regular scrutiny and strictly reviewed at least every five years on the basis of advances in knowledge and technologies, in order to ensure ongoing consistency with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and with social, economic and technological developments and further lowered, where appropriate. The ordinary legislative procedure to set binding limit values under Directive 2004/37/ EC is essential because it is not a matter for technical consideration alone but requires political assessment. |
Amendment 17
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11 b (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11b) Firefighters and emergency services personnel are at risk of exposure to a variety of hazards resulting from fires and from non-fire events in the course of their work, including to carcinogens, mutagens and reprotoxic substances. The World Health Organization has classified the occupational exposure of firefighters as carcinogenic. It is therefore important that the employers of firefighters, including volunteer firefighters and emergency services personnel assess, in accordance with Directive 2004/37/EC, and reduce the risk of exposure to carcinogens, mutagens and reprotoxic substances and that they take the necessary measures to protect the health and safety of those workers, in particular with regard to decontamination and prevention in accordance with Directive 2009/148/EC following the removal of asbestos. Important guidance has also been developed on risks arising from asbestos exposure, including sector-specific guidance for firefighters and emergency services personnel. This revision should strengthen the protection of firefighters against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To that end, the Commission, in cooperation with EU-OSHA and the ECHA should develop Union guidance for emergency services on PAHs as well as other combustion-related carcinogenic exposures, covering exposure assessment strategies, decontamination, station hygiene, handling, storage and cleaning of personal protective equipment (PPE), and prevention during clean-ups. Guidance should span across both dermal and airborne exposure routes. Employers of firefighters should implement preventive and protective measures on the basis of this guidance, as well as facilitate systematic medical surveillance, particularly after peak events, in order to better monitor medical pathways and improve health hazard data collection. Such data could feed into the ACSH opinions preliminary to future revisions of this directive, ensuring better health and safety for those workers. In addition to the necessary preventive measures provided in this directive, the Commission should consult the ACSH on the need to update its Recommendation (EU) 2022/23371a on the European schedule of occupational diseases, with a view to encouraging Member States to introduce enhanced prevention measures at the occupational level and provisions allowing for better compensation for conditions suspected to be linked to occupational exposure in certain professions. | |
| 1a Commission Recommendation (EU) 2022/2337 of 28 November 2022 concerning the European schedule of occupational diseases (OJ L 309, 30.11.2022, p. 12, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2022/2337/oj). |
Amendment 18
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11 c (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11c) Workers are often exposed to a cocktail of hazardous substances at the workplace, which can increase risks and cause adverse health effects. In the case of exposure to a combination of substances acting by the same mode of action or at the same target cell or tissue, it is necessary to adapt the implementation of their possible limit values to take into account the combined effects. This is particularly relevant for firefighters and emergency services personnel. The Commission and Member States should provide guidance on how inspectors and employers are to evaluate compliance and prevention where multiple carcinogens co-occur and encourage the development and use of appropriate methodologies and tools to address combined exposures. |
Amendment 19
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11 d (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11d) Directive 2004/37/EC sets binding OELs for certain substances for which there is no safe level of exposure for workers’ health. However, such binding OELs do not eliminate residual risks. As many of such carcinogens cannot be eliminated, substituted or have exposure to them minimised, it is essential that such residual risks are communicated to workers clearly and openly during the training of workers foreseen under Directive 2004/37/EC. A list of residual risks associated with the existing binding OELs for carcinogens under Directives 2004/37/EC and 2009/148/EC was adopted by consensus by the ACSH 1a. | |
| 1a ACSH Opinion WPC on Residual Risks-Doc document 016-25 adopted on 10.12.2025. https://osha.europa.eu/en/legislation/directive/directive-200437ec-carcinogens-or-mutagens-work |
Justification
A list of residual risks associated with Binding Occupational Exposure Limit Values of carcinogens under the CMRD (2004/37/EC) and the Asbestos at Work Directive (2009/148/EC) is available at the following link of the European agency EU-OSHA: https://osha.europa.eu/en/legislation/directive/directive-200437ec-carcinogens-or-mutagens-work.
Amendment 20
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11 e (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11e) There is a need for workers to receive sufficient and appropriate training, on the basis of all available information, when they are exposed or are likely to be exposed to carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances, including those contained in certain hazardous medicinal products. The training that the employer is required to provide pursuant to Article 11 of Directive 2004/37/EC should be adapted to take account of a new or changed risk, in particular when workers are exposed to new carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances or to a number of different carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances, including in hazardous medicinal products, or in the case of changing circumstances related to work, and repeated periodically if necessary. |
Amendment 21
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11 f (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (11f) Union-wide data from work-related health problems due to exposure to cobalt and its inorganic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, isoprene and 1,4-dioxane are often absent, unreliable or insufficient. The Commission should develop guidelines and recommendations for data collection by the Member States to improve the reporting and exposures registries. |
Amendment 22
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (12a) Achieving a high level of protection of workers against risks related to carcinogens, mutagens and reprotoxic substances requires the effective implementation of this Directive. Member States should maintain equal protection for all workers and should facilitate the compliance of SMEs including microenterprises with the obligations stemming from this Directive. SMEs including microenterprises, which represent a large majority of enterprises in the Union, have limited financial, technical and human resources. Member States should therefore monitor and report the effects of the implementation of this Directive on SMEs including microenterprises, in particular any administrative requirements, in order to ensure that they are not disproportionately affected and have the financial and administrative capacity to comply with the obligations laid down in Directive 2004/37/EC and to progress towards the elimination of risks relating to exposure to carcinogens, mutagens and reprotoxic substances at the workplace, thus benefitting all workers. Specific measures, such as financial and technical support, could help SMEs including microenterprises. |
Amendment 23
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12 b (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (12b) The ACSH adopted on 29 May 2024 an Opinion1a on priority chemicals for new or revised occupational exposure limit values under the Union legal framework on occupational safety and health, which contains a list of priority substances to be proposed for developing a proposal for a Union limit value under Directive 2004/37/EC. In particular the list includes five substances or group of substances classified as 'Immediate priority substances' (Oximes, Butanone oxime, N-(Hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (NMA), Organotins and Ethylene dibromid). The ACSH strongly recommended that the Commission use that list when selecting chemicals for developing legislative proposals for new, or revised, limit values under Directive 2004/37/EC. | |
| 1a ACSH document 006-24, https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/cb9293be-4563-4f19-89cf-4c4588bd6541/library/1c3986a7-b583-4382-a6bc-d712eace2b47/details |
Amendment 24
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point a – point ii
| Present text | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1) in Article 2, point (a)(ii) is replaced by the following: | |
| (ii) a substance, mixture or process referred to in Annex I to this Directive as well as a substance or mixture released by a process referred to in that Annex; | ‘(ii) a substance, mixture or process referred to in points 1 to 8 of Annex I to this Directive as well as a substance or mixture released by a process referred to in those points;’ |
(32004L0037 (Document 02004L0037-20240408))
Amendment 25
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 a (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point a – point ii a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1a) in Article 2, a new point (a)(iia) is added: | |
| ‘(iia) a substance, mixture or process referred to in point 9 of Annex I to this Directive as well as a substance or mixture released by a process referred to in that point, where it has carcinogenic effects;’ |
Amendment 26
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 b (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point b – point ii
| Present text | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1b) in Article 2, point (b)(ii) is replaced by the following: | |
| (ii) a substance, mixture or process referred to in Annex I to this Directive as well as a substance or mixture released by a process referred to in that Annex; | ‘(ii) a substance, mixture or process referred to in points 1 to 8 of Annex I to this Directive as well as a substance or mixture released by a process referred to in those points;’ |
(32004L0037 (Document 02004L0037-20240408))
Amendment 27
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 c (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point b – point ii a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1c) in Article 2, a new point (b)(iia) is added: | |
| (iia) a substance, mixture or process referred to in point 9 of Annex I to this Directive as well as a substance or mixture released by a process referred to in that point, where it has mutagenic effects; |
Amendment 28
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 d (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point ba
| Present text | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1d) in Article 2, point (ba) is replaced by the following: | |
| (ba) ‘reprotoxic substance’ means a substance or mixture, which meets the criteria for classification as a category 1A or 1B reproductive toxicant set out in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008; | (ba) “reprotoxic substance” means: |
| (i) a substance or mixture which meets the criteria for classification as a category 1A or 1B reproductive toxicant set out in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008; | |
| (ii) a substance, mixture or process referred to in point 9 of Annex I to this Directive as well as a substance or mixture released by a process referred to in that point, where it has reprotoxic effects;’ |
(32004L0037 (Document 02004L0037-20240408))
Amendment 29
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 e (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point e a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1e) in Article 2, the following point is added. | |
| ‘(ea) “hazardous medicinal products” means medicinal products that contain one or more substances that meet the criteria for classification as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen, mutagen or reprotoxic as set out in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.’ |
Amendment 30
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 f (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point e b (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1f) in Article 2, the following point is added: | |
| '(eb) “medicinal products” means medicinal products as defined in Article 1 paragraph 2 of Directive 2001/83/EC.’ |
Amendment 31
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 g (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 5 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 1 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1g) in Article 5(5), the following subparagraph is added: | |
| ‘Individual protection measures as referred to in point (g) shall include personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular respiratory protective devices, where, despite putting in place the technical and organisational measures for prevention or reduce exposure in accordance with this Article, residual exposure cannot be reduced to levels below the limit values set out in Annex III. In such cases, compliance with the limit values shall be determined taking into account the protection afforded by PPE. PPE shall be correctly maintained, selected and adjusted to fit the wearer, including by means of individual fitting, in accordance with Article 4 of Council Directive 89/656/EEC.’ |
Amendment 32
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 h (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 10 – paragraph 2 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1h) in Article 10, the following paragraph is added: | |
| ‘2a. When wearing personal protective equipment, workers shall be entitled to regular breaks of an appropriate duration in an area where there is no risk of contamination by carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxic substances.’ |
Amendment 33
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 i (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 11 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point a
| Present text | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1i) in Article 11(1), subparagraph 1, point (a) is replaced by the following: | |
| a) potential risks to health, including the additional risks due to tobacco consumption; | ‘ a) potential risks to health, including the additional risks due to tobacco consumption and the existence of residual risks linked to binding limit values listed in Annex III, with reference to information published by EU OSHA, where available;’ |
Amendment 34
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 j (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 18a – paragraph 11 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1j) in Article 18a, the following paragraph is added: | |
| ‘11a. No later than ... [12 months after the entry into force of this directive] and taking into consideration the recent classification by the World Health Organization of occupational exposure in certain occupations as carcinogenic, the Commission shall begin a consultation with the ACSH on the need to update Commission Recommendation (EU) 2022/2337, with a view to encouraging Member States to introduce provisions ensuring more adequate compensation for diseases suspected of being linked to occupational exposure in certain professions.’ |
Amendment 35
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 k (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 18a – paragraph 11 b (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1k) in Article 18a, the following paragraph is added: | |
| ‘11b. The Commission’s proposal shall include ‘work involving exposure to aircraft engine emissions’ in Annex I of Directive 2004/37/EC.’ |
Amendment 36
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 l (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 18a – paragraph11 c (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1l) in Article 18a, the following paragraph is added: | |
| ‘11c. No later than ... [3 years after the entry into force of this amending directive], the Commission shall, taking into account the latest developments in scientific knowledge, the opinion of RAC and after appropriate consultation with relevant stakeholders, propose, where appropriate, limit value(s) for welding fumes as defined in Annex I to Directive 2004/37/EC.’ |
Amendment 37
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point -1 m (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Article 18a – paragraph 11d (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1m) in Article 18a, the following paragraph is added: | |
| '11d. Where the Commission submits a legislative proposal amending the occupational exposure limit values set out in this Directive, it shall take into account any opinions of the Committee for Risk Assessment of the European Chemicals Agency established by Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and the opinions of the ACSH, as appropriate. In the absence of any such opinion, the Commission shall set out, in its proposal, the reasons underpinning it, on the basis of scientific evidence.' |
Amendment 38
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by […] [The time limit for transposition will be as short as possible and, generally, will not exceed two years] at the latest. They shall immediately inform the Commission thereof. | Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by no later than … [two years after its entry into force]. They shall immediately inform the Commission thereof. |
Amendment 39
Proposal for a directive
Annex – paragraph 1 – point -1 (new)
Directive 2004/37/EC
Annex I – title
| Present text | Amendment |
|---|---|
| (-1) in Annex I, the title is replaced by the following: | |
| List of substances, mixtures and processes (Article 2, points (a)(ii) and (b)(ii)) | ‘List of substances, mixtures and processes (Article 2, point (a)(ii) and (iii), point (b)(ii) and point (iii) and (ba)(ii))’ |
(32004L0037 (Document 02004L0037-20240408))
Amendment 40
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – paragraph 1 – point 1
Directive 2004/37/EC
Annex I – point 9
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 9. Work involving exposure to fumes from welding processes containing substances that meet the criteria for a substance or mixture which meets the criteria for classification as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen, mutagen or reprotoxic set out in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1272/20081 ; | 9. Work involving exposure to welding fumes and fumes from other processes that generate fumes in a similar way, containing substances or mixtures that meet the criteria for classification as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen, mutagen or reprotoxic set out in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1272/20081 ; |
| 1 Exposure shall not exceed the limit value of a carcinogen, mutagen or a reprotoxic substance as set out in Annex III when those substances are released during the welding process. | 1 Exposure shall not exceed the limit value of a carcinogen, mutagen or a reprotoxic substance as set out in Annex III when those substances are released during the welding process. |
Amendment 41
Proposal for a directive
Annex – paragraph 1 – point 1
Directive 2004/37/EC
Annex I – point 9 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| 9a. Work involving exposure to hazardous medicinal products containing substances that meet the criteria for classification as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen, mutagen or reprotoxic as set out in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. |
Amendment 42
Proposal for a directive
Annex – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a
Directive 2004/37/EC
Annex III – point A – row 21
| Text proposed by the Commission | ||||||||||
| Limit values | ||||||||||
| 8 hours (3) | Short-term (4) | |||||||||
| Name of agent | EC No (1) | CAS No (2) | mg/m3 (5) | ppm (6) | f/ml(7) | mg/m3 | ppm | f/ml | Notation | Transitional measures |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixtures, particularly those containing benzo[a]pyrene, which are carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxicants within the meaning of this Directive | 0,00007(*2) | Skin (10) | Limit value 0,00014(*2) until …[OJ: six years after the date of entry into force of the amending Directive] limited to the following sectors: (1) steel and iron foundries, which includes ferroalloy manufacturers, (2) aluminium manufacturers, (3) carbon and graphite electrode manufacturers, (4) coking plants, (5) coal tar distillation, (6) refractory products manufacturers, (7) welding of train tracks, (8) other non-ferrous metallurgical processes, and (9) casting of metals. | |||||||
| 1 Exposure shall not exceed the limit value of a carcinogen, mutagen or a reprotoxic substance as set out in Annex III when those substances are released during the welding process. Amendment | ||||||||||
| Limit values | ||||||||||
| 8 hours (3) | Short-term (4) | |||||||||
| Name of agent | EC No (1) | CAS No (2) | mg/m3 (5) | ppm (6) | f/ml(7) | mg/m3 | ppm | f/ml | Notation | Transitional measures |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixtures, particularly those containing benzo[a]pyrene, which are carcinogens, mutagens or reprotoxicants within the meaning of this Directive | 0,00007(*2) | Skin (10) | Limit value 0,00014(*2) until …[OJ: ten years after the date of entry into force of the amending Directive] limited to the following sectors: (1) steel and iron foundries, which includes ferroalloy manufacturers, (2) aluminium manufacturers, (3) carbon and graphite manufacturers, (4) coking plants, (5) coal tar distillation, (6) refractory products manufacturers, (7) welding of train tracks, (8) other non-ferrous metallurgical processes, and (9) casting of metals. |
1 Exposure shall not exceed the limit value of a carcinogen, mutagen or a reprotoxic substance as set out in Annex III when those substances are released during the welding process.
Amendment 43
Proposal for a directive
Annex – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point c
Directive 2004/37/EC
Annex III – point A – table – row 42
| Text proposed by the Commission | ||||||||||
| Limit values | ||||||||||
| 8 hours (3) | Short-term (4) | |||||||||
| Name of agent | EC No (1) | CAS No (2) | mg/m3 (5) | ppm (6) | f/ml(7) | mg/m3 | ppm | f/ml | Notation | Transitional measures |
| Cobalt and inorganic cobalt compounds | 0,01(11) 0,0025(9) | - | - | - | - | dermal and respiratory sensitisation(13) | Limit value of 0,02(11) and 0,0042(9) until …[OJ: six years after the date of entry into force of the amending Directive] | |||
| (9) Respirable fraction. | ||||||||||
| (11) Inhalable fraction. | ||||||||||
| Amendment | ||||||||||
| Limit values | ||||||||||
| 8 hours (3) | Short-term (4) | |||||||||
| Name of agent | EC No (1) | CAS No (2) | mg/m3 (5) | ppm (6) | f/ml(7) | mg/m3 | ppm | f/ml | Notation | Transitional measures |
| Cobalt and inorganic cobalt compounds | 0,01(11) 0,0025(9) | - | - | - | - | dermal and respiratory sensitisation(13) | Limit value of 0,02(11) and 0,0042(9) until …[OJ: six years after the date of entry into force of the amending Directive] | |||
| (9) Respirable fraction, measured as Cobalt. | ||||||||||
| (11) Inhalable fraction, measured as Cobalt. |
Amendment 44
Proposal for a directive
Annex – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point c
Directive 2004/37/EC
Annex III – point A – table – row 42 a (new)
| Text proposed by the Commission | ||||||||||
| Amendment | ||||||||||
| Name of agent | EC No (1) | CAS No (2) | mg/m3 (5) | ppm (6) | f/ml(7) | mg/m3 | ppm | f/ml | Notation | Transitional measures |
| Isoprene | 201-143-3 | 78-79-5 | 8,5 | 3 | - | - | - | - |
Amendment 45
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – paragraph 1 – point 3
Directive 2004/37/EC
Annex IIIa
| Text proposed by the Commission | Amendment |
|---|---|
| The binding biological limit value is 45 mg HEAA*in urine/g creatinine.’ | The binding biological limit value is 45 mg HEAA*in urine/g creatinine, measured at the end of exposure or shift.’ |
Explanatory statement 12 paragraphs
Occupational exposure to hazardous substances remains one of the most serious risks to workers’ health in the European Union. Each year about 120,000 work-related cancer cases occur as a result of exposure to carcinogens at work in the EU, leading to approximately 80,000 fatalities annually. Since its first adoption in 2004, the carcinogens and mutagens directive has been reviewed five times and now addresses 28 cancer-causing substances. This revision supports Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan and the EU Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work 2021–2027, which promotes a “vision zero” approach to work-related deaths.
The sixth revision of Directive 2004/37/EC extends protection for millions of workers across sectors such as manufacturing, construction, healthcare, emergency services, waste management, and the circular economy.
Directive 2004/37/EC has a strong tradition of a multi-stage, evidence-based and consultative legislative procedure. It is very important that revised limit values are based on a scientific evaluation and on the opinion of the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work (ACSH). The ACSH is composed of representatives of the Member States and the social partners. The ACSH reviews the scientific and socio-economic evidence.
Our position is based on the ACSH opinion. This includes the introduction of binding occupational exposure limit (OEL) values for cobalt and inorganic cobalt compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), isoprene and 1,4-dioxane, where previously national limit values varied widely or were lacking. Moreover, we should include welding fumes, when they contain CMR substances such as chromium or nickel, among processes covered by the directive. This would mean that employers must apply protective measures when welding.
Substances such as cobalt are used in several sectors of strategic importance to reach the goals set out in the European Green Deal and the EU Climate Law. They are critical for sectors central to the industrial transition, including batteries and advanced manufacturing. The enhancement of international strategic autonomy in raw materials is one of the priorities of the European Union. Moreover, there is clearly a need to avoid relocating cobalt-processing activities to non-EU countries with weaker occupational safety standards.
Given the rapidly evolving geopolitical situation and its potential effects on supply chains and strategic dependencies, the Commission should regularly reassess substances such as cobalt. Building on these assessments, and in consultation with social partners and Member States, the Commission should consider targeted and limited exemptions to existing or new OELs. Such exemptions must be strictly limited to activities where these substances remain essential for the Union’s strategic interests, and workers’ protection must always remain the highest priority.
Firefighters and other emergency personnel are particularly exposed to complex mixtures of carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic substances. The WHO now classifies firefighters’ occupational exposure as carcinogenic. Therefore, we need specific risk assessments, adequate protective measures, and targeted medical surveillance for these high-risk workers.
Reliable EU-wide data on exposures to substances such as cobalt, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, isoprene and 1,4-dioxane remain limited. The Commission should develop guidelines and recommendations to improve national data collection and exposure registries. Enhanced EU guidance should also support labour inspectors and enterprises, particularly SMEs and microenterprises, in applying the directive effectively. This includes guidance on welding fumes and similar exposure processes, building on existing tools such as the SLIC guidance from 2018, ensuring that monitoring is evidence-based and enforcement consistent.
A strong social dialogue is essential for effective implementation. Social partners are indispensable in identifying risks, designing practical prevention measures and ensuring realistic application across sectors. Obligations must remain achievable for SMEs and microenterprises, which often operate with limited financial and technical capacity. Member States should assess administrative impacts and provide targeted support without compromising equal protection for all workers. I have introduced a clear right for workers to take proportionate and regular breaks when using protective equipment, reflecting both safety and well-being considerations.
Gender differences in exposure patterns, physiological responses and health outcomes remain insufficiently integrated into occupational safety research. Therefore, we need to systematically incorporate a gender perspective in future assessments.
Training requirements are crucial to ensure that workers receive clear, up-to-date information whenever new risks arise, including handling multiple hazardous substances or hazardous medicinal products. This approach ensures training is directly relevant to the tasks performed and the risks encountered.
This revision represents a decisive step in preventing occupational cancers and other long-term health effects across the European Union. It strengthens scientific integrity, legal certainty and protection for workers in high-risk sectors while supporting Europe’s industrial resilience and strategic autonomy. It ensures that SMEs are supported in applying the rules while maintaining equal protection standards for all workers. Above all, this revision reaffirms the fundamental principle that every worker in the European Union has the right to a safe, healthy and sustainable working environment.
Annex: declaration of input 4 paragraphs
Pursuant to Article 8 of Annex I to the Rules of Procedure, the rapporteur declares that she included in her report input on matters pertaining to the subject of the file that she received, in the preparation of the report, prior to the adoption thereof in committee, from the following interest representatives falling within the scope of the Interinstitutional Agreement on a mandatory transparency register, or from the following representatives of public authorities of third countries, including their diplomatic missions and embassies:
| 1. Interest representatives falling within the scope of the Interinstitutional Agreement on a mandatory transparency register |
| European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) |
| Algemeen Christelijk Vakverbond (ACV) |
| BusinessEurope |
| Council of European Employers of the Metal, Engineering and Technology-based Industries (CEEMET) |
| Agoria |
| Cobalt Institute |
| Duracell |
| European Commission - DG Employment |
| Permanent Representation of Cyprus to the EU |
| Permanent Representation of Denmark to the EU |
| Permanent Representation of Belgium to the EU |
| 2. Representatives of public authorities of third countries, including their diplomatic missions and embassies |
The list above is drawn up under the exclusive responsibility of the rapporteur.
Where natural persons are identified in the list by their name, by their function or by both, the rapporteur declares that she has submitted to the natural persons concerned the European Parliament's Data Protection Notice No 484 (https://www.europarl.europa.eu/data-protect/index.do), which sets out the conditions applicable to the processing of their personal data and the rights linked to that processing.
Procedure pages
How the committees handled the text, and how their members voted on it.
Procedure – committee responsible 1 paragraph
| Title | Amending Directive 2004/37/EC as regards the addition of substances and setting limit values in its Annexes I, III and IIIa | ||
| References | COM(2025)0418 – C10-0180/2025 – 2025/0232(COD) | ||
| Date submitted to Parliament | 18.7.2025 | ||
| Committee(s) responsible Date announced in plenary | EMPL 6.10.2025 | ||
| Rapporteurs Date appointed | Liesbet Sommen 13.10.2025 | ||
| Discussed in committee | 10.11.2025 | 15.1.2026 | 25.2.2026 |
| Date adopted | 15.4.2026 | ||
| Result of final vote | +: –: 0: | 45 0 10 | |
| Date tabled | 17.4.2026 |
Final vote by roll call by the committee responsible 3 paragraphs
45 · For
- ECR
- Georgiana Teodorescu
- ESN
- Petar Volgin
- No group
- Branislav Ondruš, Jan-Peter Warnke
- EPP
- Maravillas Abadía Jover, Andrzej Buła, David Casa, Henrik Dahl, Salvatore De Meo, Rosa Estaràs Ferragut, Gheorghe Falcă, Niels Geuking, Martine Kemp, Isabelle Le Callennec, Miriam Lexmann, Eleonora Meleti, Dennis Radtke, Liesbet Sommen, Romana Tomc, Angelika Winzig
- Renew
- Grégory Allione, Valérie Devaux, Elisabetta Gualmini, Hristo Petrov, Jana Toom
- S&D
- Marc Angel, Gabriele Bischoff, Vilija Blinkevičiūtė, Estelle Ceulemans, Vivien Costanzo, Johan Danielsson, Isilda Gomes, Alicia Homs Ginel, Nora Mebarek, Idoia Mendia, Aodhán Ó Ríordáin, Marianne Vind
- The Left
- Leila Chaibi, Per Clausen, Rudi Kennes, João Oliveira
- Greens
- Katrin Langensiepen, Maria Ohisalo, Villy Søvndal, Kim Van Sparrentak
0 · Against
10 · Abstained
- ECR
- Elena Donazzan, Chiara Gemma, Lara Magoni, Marlena Maląg, Francesco Torselli, Mariateresa Vivaldini
- Patriots
- Marie Dauchy, Margarita de la Pisa Carrión, Pál Szekeres, Séverine Werbrouck