What changed between the draft committee report and the plenary report

Removed:While remote sensing holds substantial long-term potential to improve the identification of high-emitting vehicles and to enable more targeted and efficient enforcement, the technology is not yet sufficiently mature to warrant mandatory application across all Member States. At this stage, its feasibility, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness still need to be demonstrated in operational conditions. Therefore, remote sensing should be an optional tool for Member States. However, they should be encouraged to undertake pilot projects to gather practical experience and to contribute to the evidence base needed for future harmonisation. The Commission, in the meantime, should develop delegated acts to establish common criteria. This approach ensures that the Union can advance towards a coherent remote sensing framework without imposing disproportionate obligations before the technology is fully validated.

Added:Recital 32: (32) Given that inadequate or dangerous cargo securing can pose a serious threat to road safety and to the environment, visual inspections of cargo securing should be a mandatory part of roadside inspections in all Member States. Where risks or deficiencies are detected, a more detailed inspection may follow. Common standards for inspecting cargo securing should take into account the 2014 Best Practices Guidelines on Cargo Securing for Road Transport, enabling a consistent and effective approach across the Union.

Removed:Recital 30 a (new): (30a) Member States should invest in more frequent and better-targeted roadside inspections of heavy commercial vehicles and light commercial vehicles of category N1. To that end, they should ensure that competent authorities are equipped with adequate financial and human resources, including sufficiently trained personnel, so that infringements can be detected in reliable way and offenders held accountable.

Removed:Frequent and thorough roadside checks are the best possibility to catch offenders. Therefore, Member States should ensure that competent authorities are equipped to do the task given to them.

Removed:Recital 32: (32) Given that inadequate or dangerous cargo securing can pose a serious threat to road safety and to the environment, visual inspections of cargo securing should be a mandatory part of roadside inspections in all Member States. Where risks or deficiencies are detected, a more detailed inspection may follow.

Removed:Clarification that visual inspections should become mandatory during RSI while extensive cargo security checks should only be made if the visual inspection reveals an issue.

Directive 2014/45/EU

Change 12

Changed:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 1 – point a, Article 2 – paragraph 1 – indent 6:7: – two-wheeled ortractors three-wheelof vehiclescategories –T1b, vehicleT2b, categoriesT3b, L3e,T4.1b, L4e,T4.2b, L5eT4.3b, and L7eT5 withthe anuse engineof capacitywhich ofmainly moretakes thanplace 50on cm3,public orroads with a maximum continuousdesign ratedspeed orexceeding net40km/h, powerfor abovecommercial 11road kW;haulage purposes;

Change 13

Removed:Requiring regular technical inspections for motor scooters with an engine capacity above 50 cm³ is essential for road safety and environmental protection. These vehicles reach higher speeds and are more powerful than smaller mopeds, which increases the risk of accidents if brakes, lights, tyres, or other safety-critical components are not properly maintained. Regular inspections will help protect riders, other road users, and the environment alike.

Directive 2014/45/EU

Change 14

Changed:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point a, Article 3 – paragraph 1 – point 6a:6 a: (6a) ‘connected vehicle’ means any vehicle which is designed to allow a wireless connection or communication with external devices, vehicles, networks or services;

Change 15

Removed:The definition should be clarified, since the present wording may wrongly imply that a vehicle is only a 'connected' one when a specific device is installed.

Directive 2014/45/EU

Change 16

Removed:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3, Article 4 – paragraph 3: 3. In the case of M1 and N1 vehicles, roadworthiness tests may also be carried out in a Member State other than the Member State of registration of the vehicle. The result of such roadworthiness test shall be included on a temporary roadworthiness certificate, which shall be valid for six months. The competent authority shall communicate the result of the test to the Member State of registration, which shall record it in the national vehicle register. However, unless the Member State of registration recognises roadworthiness certificates issued by the Member State concerned in accordance with paragraph 4, the subsequent roadworthiness test shall take place in the Member State of registration of the vehicle.

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point c, Article 3 – point 12: (12) ‘roadworthiness certificate’ means a roadworthiness test report in digital and/or paper format issued by the competent authority or a testing centre, in accordance with Article 8(1);

Directive 2014/45/EU

Change 17

Removed:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3, Article 4 – paragraph 6: 6. In accordance with the principles laid down in Regulation (EU) 2018/858, vehicle manufacturers shall make available the set of technical information referred to in paragraph 5 free of charge, and without undue delay, to relevant competent authorities, in a non-discriminatory manner and in a machine-readable format. Those competent authorities shall make that technical information available to the testing centres authorised by them. The Commission shall, two years after the date of entry into force of this Directive, carry out a review assessing the proper use of the technical information provided by vehicle manufacturers, including an evaluation of how such data is used by the competent authorities and the testing centres authorised by them. On the basis of that review, the Commission shall, where appropriate, propose any necessary changes to ensure the relevance, effective utilisation and proportionality of the information requirements.

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point d, Article 3 – point 12a: (12a) ‘EU temporary roadworthiness certificate’ means a roadworthiness certificate issued in digital and/or paper format by the competent authority, or a testing centre established in a Member State other than the Member State of registration of the vehicle in accordance with Article 8(1);

Removed:Free of charge access to information necessary for the performance of roadworthiness test is important in order to not increase further the costs of roadworthiness test. However, as this provision confers a financial and bureaucratic burden on vehicle manufacturers, the Commission should check the necessity of information items regularly and whether they are used or not. If information is not used, it should also not be provided by vehicle manufacturers.

Directive 2014/45/EU

Change 18

Changed:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4,3, Article 4a4 – paragraph 1: 1. Each Member State shall take the measures necessary3: to3. enableIn the recordingcase of odometerM1 readingsand ofN1 vehiclesvehicles, ofroadworthiness thetests categorymay M1also andbe N1carried out in a nationalMember databaseState orother inthan the national vehicle register.Member TheyState shallof requireregistration that,of inthe additionvehicle. toThe testingresult centres,of repairerssuch authorisedroadworthiness bytest vehicleshall manufacturersbe thatincluded issueon an invoiceEU ortemporary otherroadworthiness documentcertificate, inwhich connectionshall withbe avalid significantfor repairsix ormonths. maintenanceThe workcompetent carriedauthority outshall oncommunicate athe vehicle,result recordsof the odometer reading intest thatto databasethe orMember nationalState vehicleof registerregistration, whenwhich thatshall workrecord isit carriedin out.the Membernational Statesvehicle mayregister. extendHowever, thisunless requirementthe toMember otherState serviceof providersregistration thatrecognises repairroadworthiness orcertificates maintainissued aby vehicle.the Member States shallState alsoconcerned requirein vehicleaccordance manufacturerswith toparagraph transmit4, the odometer readings of connected vehicles which they havesubsequent producedroadworthiness everytest threeshall monthstake startingplace fromin the dateMember ofState firstof registration of the vehicle.

Change 19

Removed:Odometer fraud is most commonly present in M1 and N1 vehicles. Therefore, the measure should primarily address these vehicle categories. The proposed wording by the Commission risks creating unwanted bureaucratic burdens as even small maintenance tasks such as the replacement of windshield wipers could be covered. This would increase the labour hours connected to the tasks and thus increase the costs for vehicle owners.

Directive 2014/45/EU

Change 20

Removed:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5, Article 5 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point a: (a) vehicles of category M1 and N1and zero-emission motor vehicles with a maximum mass not exceeding 4,25 tonnes: four years after the date on which the vehicle was first registered, and thereafter every two years;

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3, Article 4 – paragraph 5: The Commission shall adopt implementing acts to specify the set of technical information necessary for roadworthiness testing of the items to be tested, on the use of the recommended test methods, and to establish detailed rules concerning the standardised data format, and the procedures for accessing the relevant technical information, ensuring that the information allows the vehicle’s list of factory-fitted options to be clearly identified. Such technical information may include, in particular, instructions and data on the use of the electronic vehicle interface, diagnostic trouble codes, software versions and descriptions, illustrations of warning indicators or tell-tales.

Removed:1) Due to their batteries, modern zero-emission vehicles tend to be heavier than their fossil counterparts in the categories M1 and N1. Therefore, they would risk to fall into the stricter testing regime of M2 or N2.2). The inspection standards in the Member States vary significantly. The proposed shortening would represent a substantial additional burden for owners of vehicles older than 10 years, many of whom come from more vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds. Moreover, the Commission itself notes in its impact assessment that technical defects are only rarely the cause of accidents. Member States can already shorten their inspection intervals today, for example to respond to higher accident rates. However, even in such cases, the causal link between more frequent inspections and a reduction in accident causes remains doubtful. The proposed measure is therefore not proportionate and should be deleted.3) N1 vehicles are typically used by small and medium-sized enterprises. Requiring these SMEs to take their vans out of service every year imposes a significant administrative and financial burden. Moreover, type-approval legislation already guarantees that emission control systems fulfil minimum durability criteria. In addition, the on-board diagnostics systems installed in most vehicles today provide early warnings of any malfunction. As the Commission itself acknowledges that there is little information available on the share of vehicles with defective or tampered emission control systems, the measure is not proportionate.

Directive 2014/45/EU

Change 21

Removed:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5, Article 5 – paragraph 2: 2. Member States shall establish appropriate intervals within which vehicles of categories L3e, L4e, L5e and L7e with an engine capacity of more than 50 cm3 or with a maximum continuous rated or net power above 11 kW, are to be subject to a roadworthiness test.

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3, Article 4 – paragraph 6: 6. In accordance with the principles laid down in Regulation (EU) 2018/858, vehicle manufacturers shall make available the set of technical information referred to in paragraph 5 free of charge, and without undue delay, to relevant competent authorities, in a non-discriminatory manner and in a standardised, digital and machine-readable format. Those competent authorities shall make that technical information available to the testing centres authorised by them.

Removed:Requiring regular technical inspections for motor scooters with an engine capacity above 50 cm³ is essential for road safety and environmental protection. These vehicles reach higher speeds and are more powerful than smaller mopeds, which increases the risk of accidents if brakes, lights, tyres, or other safety-critical components are not properly maintained. Regular inspections will help protect riders, other road users, and the environment alike.

Directive 2014/45/EU

Change 22

Removed:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point b, Article 6 – paragraph 3: 3. For vehicle categories L3e, L4e, L5e and L7e, with an engine capacity of more than 50 cm3 or with a maximum continuous rated or net power above 11 kW, Member States shall determine the areas, items and appropriate methods of testing.;

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 3, Article 4 – paragraph 6 a (new): 6a. The Commission shall, three years after the date of entry into force of this Directive and every three years thereafter, review the proper use of the technical information provided by vehicle manufacturers, including an evaluation on how such data is used by the competent authorities and the testing centres authorised by them. On the basis of that review, the Commission shall, where appropriate, propose any necessary changes to ensure the relevance, effective utilisation and proportionality of the information requirements.

Removed:Requiring regular technical inspections for motor scooters with an engine capacity above 50 cm³ is essential for road safety and environmental protection. These vehicles reach higher speeds and are more powerful than smaller mopeds, which increases the risk of accidents if brakes, lights, tyres, or other safety-critical components are not properly maintained. Regular inspections will help protect riders, other road users, and the environment alike.

Directive 2014/45/EU

Change 23

Removed:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point c, Article 6 – paragraph 4 a (new): "4a. Member States shall ensure that the authorities responsible for periodic inspections within their territory take due account of technological developments and keep their testing methods and equipment up to date, in order to minimise the occurrence of false positives and false negatives in inspection results."

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4, Article 4a – paragraph 1: 1. Each Member State shall take the measures necessary to enable the recording of odometer readings of vehicles of the category M1 and N1 in a national database or in the national vehicle register. They shall require that, in addition to testing centres, any service provider who issues an invoice or other document in connection with any repair or maintenance work carried out on a vehicle for 1 hour or longer, records the odometer reading in that database or national vehicle register when that work is carried out. In order to further increase the number of data points in a vehicle’s odometer history, Member States may also require the recording of odometer readings for maintenance or repair work of a shorter duration. Member States shall also require vehicle manufacturers to transmit the odometer readings of connected vehicles which they have produced every three months starting from the date of first registration of the vehicle.

Removed:Test methods and equipment must keep pace with technological developments to ensure inspections remain accurate, reliable, and relevant. Up-to-date procedures help detect genuine safety defects while avoiding false positives, preserve the road safety benefits of periodic inspections, and maintain proportionality and credibility by preventing unnecessary burdens on vehicle owners. Regular updates also support harmonization with international best practices and foster continuous improvement, enabling the controlled adoption of validated new technologies such as advanced diagnostics and cybersecurity assessments.

Directive 2014/45/EU

Change 24

Removed:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 a (new), Article 7 – paragraph 3 a (new): (6 a) in Article 7, the following paragraph is added: / ‘3a. All vehicles presented for inspection shall be checked for outstanding mandatory safety recall campaigns applicable to their make, model, and year. Vehicles subject to an active mandatory recall shall fail the inspection. The vehicle owner or other responsible party shall have the necessary recall repairs carried out and shall present the vehicle for re-inspection. The competent authorities of the Member State or the testing centre shall verify that the recall has been fully completed before the vehicle is deemed to have passed the inspection.’

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4, Article 4a – paragraph 4: Member States shall also make available the odometer data stored in the national databases and national vehicle registers referred to in paragraph 1, in an anonymised form, to the national statistical institutes and to the Commission (Eurostat) in accordance with Articles 17a and 17b of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009*.

Removed:OEMs face difficulties in some Member States in reaching the current owners of vehicles due to incomplete or inaccurate contact information. In addition, vehicle owners often fail to act on recall notifications, which is particularly problematic in the case of mandatory safety recalls. While in some Member States failure to comply with a recall may affect vehicle registration, this is not universally the case. To enhance road safety, periodic roadworthiness tests should be used as an additional mechanism to ensure that a greater proportion of vehicles undergo mandatory recall campaigns.

Removed:Regulation 2014/45/EU

Removed:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 7, Article 8 – paragraph 2: 2. Member States shall require that testing centres or, where relevant, the competent authorities, provide, on request, a certified printout of the roadworthiness certificate to the person presenting the vehicle for testing. Those printouts shall be user-friendly and shall contain an interoperable QR code, which allows the verification of its authenticity, validity and integrity. By six months after the adoption of the implementing acts referred to in paragraph 9, the QR code shall comply with the technical specifications set out in those implementing acts. The information contained in the certificate shall also be displayed in human-readable form and shall be provided in at least the official language or languages of the issuing Member State and in a language most commonly used across the Union in this field.

Removed:In order to facilitate controls of certificates in the different Member States, the certificates should not only be made available in the language(s) of the issuing Member State, but also in the language most commonly used in this field.

Directive 2014/45/EU

Change 25

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4, Article 4a – paragraph 4 a (new): 4a. By [three years after the entry into force of this Directive], the Commission shall review the availability, frequency and quality of odometer data points recorded pursuant to this Article, as well as the effectiveness of access to the odometer history referred to in Article 4b. On the basis of that review, the Commission shall assess whether the framework for the recording and exchange of odometer data is effective and proportionate, including, where appropriate, by proposing measures to increase the number of available data points and to improve the overall effectiveness of the system. In carrying out that assessment, the Commission shall pay particular attention to the reduction of administrative burden for all relevant stakeholders, including Member States, service providers, vehicle manufacturers, and prospective buyers so that the system can be made more efficient, effective and future-proof, with a view to increasing citizens’ confidence and addressing odometer fraud.

Added:Directive 2014/45/EU

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 4, Article 4 b (new): Article 4b / Information on access to the odometer history for prospective purchasers of second-hand vehicles / 1. The Commission shall publish on a website, available in all official languages of the institutions of the Union, information dedicated to making prospective purchasers of second hand vehicles, including potential cross-border purchasers, practical information on how to request and obtain, free of charge and prior to purchase, a record of the odometer history of a vehicle registered in any Member State of the European Union. The website shall include direct links to the relevant contact points or authorities in every Member State, and information on the process for requesting and receiving a record of the odometer history of a vehicle, including in a cross border context. / 2. For the purposes of this Article, Member States shall co-operate with the Commission, and shall provide up-to-date information to the Commission. Member States shall ensure that a link to the Commission website is provided on the websites of the competent authorities. / 3. Member States shall ensure that prospective buyers, from any Member State, of a used motor vehicle can, prior to purchase, request and obtain, free of charge, a record of the odometer history of that vehicle. Member States shall also take all necessary measures to make potential buyers of second-hand vehicles aware of their right to receive, free of charge and prior to purchase, from the holder of the registration certific…

Added:Directive 2014/45/EU

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5, Article 5 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point a: (a) vehicles of category M1 and N1 and zero-emission motor vehicles with a maximum mass not exceeding 4,25 tonnes: four years after the date on which the vehicle was first registered, and thereafter every two years;

Added:Directive 2014/45/EU

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5, Article 5 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – point b: (b) vehicles of category M1 used as taxis, ambulances or used in the context of platform work as defined in Directive (EU) 2024/2831, vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4: one year after the date on which the vehicle was first registered, and thereafter annually;

Added:Directive 2014/45/EU

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5, Article 5– paragraph 1– subparagraph 1– point c: (c) wheeled tractors of categories T1b, T2b, T3b, T4.1b, T4.2b, T4.3b and T5 the use of which mainly takes place on public roads for commercial road haulage purposes: four years after the date on which the vehicle was first registered, and thereafter every two years.

Added:Directive 2014/45/EU

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 5, Article 5 – paragraph 3: 3. Notwithstanding the date of a vehicle’s last roadworthiness test, vehicles shall undergo a roadworthiness test when the safety and environmental systems and components of the vehicle have been significantly altered or modified, e.g. through replacement or software updates.

Added:Directive 2014/45/EU

Added:Article 1 – paragraph 1 – point 6 – point a a (new), Article 6 – paragraphs 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 d, 2 e (new): (aa) the following paragraphs are inserted: / “2a. The Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 18 to amend this Directive by specifying: / a) the methods for the preconditioning of the vehicle for the measurement of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from compression ignition engines and identifying the EURO emission classes related to those methods, / b) the methods and limit values for measuring particle number (PN) emissions from positive ignition engines, as referred to in item 8.2.2.1 of point 3 of Annex I. / 2b. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts to amend this Directive by specifying the methods and limit values, and to identify the EURO emission classes related to that method, for measuring NOx from positive ignition engines referred to in item 8.2.2.3 of point 3 of Annex I. / 2 c. The application of the test procedures referred to in paragraphs 2 a and 2 b shall be optional for Member States. Member States shall inform the Commission without undue delay of their decision whether or not to apply those test procedures, and shall provide the reason for that decision. / 2 d. The delegated acts referred to in paragraphs 2a and 2b shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 18. / 2 e. By [four years after the adoption of the delegated acts referred to in paragraphs 2a and 2b], the Commission shall review the uptake and application by Member States of the test procedures for measuring particle number (PN) an…

Added:Directive 2014/45/EU