What changed between the adopted text of 28 Feb 2024 and the adopted text of 21 Oct 2025

Removed:(c) checking that the doors are closed;

Removed:(d) performing a random check on the condition of the tyres, steering, brakes, fluids (for instance engine oil, coolant, washer fluid), lights, reflectors, direction indicators and audible warning device;

Removed:(e) checking the safety factors relating to vehicle loading: body, sheets, cargo doors, cabin locking, way of loading, securing load (category BE only);

Removed:(f) checking the coupling mechanism and the brake and electrical connections (category BE only).

Removed:(2) Categories B and B1: special manoeuvres to be tested with a bearing on road safety

Removed:A selection of the following manoeuvres shall be tested (at least two manoeuvres for the four points, including one in reverse gear):

Removed:(a) reversing in a straight line or reversing right or left round a corner while keeping within the correct traffic lane;

Removed:(b) turning the vehicle to face the opposite way, using forward and reverse gears;

Removed:(c) parking the vehicle and leaving a parking space (parallel, oblique or right-angle, forwards or in reverse, on the flat, uphill or downhill);

Removed:(d) braking accurately to a stop; however, performing an emergency stop is optional.

Removed:(3) Category BE - special manoeuvres to be tested with a bearing on road safety:

Removed:(a) coupling and uncoupling, or uncoupling and re-coupling a trailer from its motor vehicle; the manoeuvre must involve the towing vehicle being parked alongside the trailer (i.e. not in one line);

Removed:(b) reversing along a curve, the line of which shall be left to the discretion of the Member States;

Removed:(c) parking safely for loading/unloading.

Removed:(4) Behaviour in traffic

Removed:Applicants shall perform all the following actions in normal traffic situations, in complete safety and taking all necessary precautions:

Removed:(a) driving away: after parking, after a stop in traffic; exiting a driveway;

Removed:(b) driving on straight roads; passing oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces;

Removed:(c) driving round bends;

Removed:(d) Crossroads: approaching and crossing of intersections and junctions;

Removed:(e) changing direction: left and right turns; changing lanes;

Removed:(f) approach/exit of motorways or similar (if available): joining from the acceleration lane; leaving on the deceleration lane;

Removed:(g) overtaking/passing: overtaking other trafficroad users, including cyclists (if possible); driving alongside obstacles, for instance parked cars; being overtaken by other traffic (if appropriate); [Am. 174]

Removed:(ga) independent driving towards a determined destination, beyond specific turning indications; [Am. 175]

Removed:(h) special road features (if available): roundabouts; taking roundabout with a large vehicle; right and left driving; railway level crossings; tram/bus stops; pedestrian crossings; ridingbike lanes; driving up-/downhill on long slopes; gradient changes; tunnels; [Am. 176]

Removed:(ha) interaction with other road users, including foreseeing blind spots and adequate use of direction indicators; [Am. 177]

Removed:(i) taking the necessary precautions whenentering and alighting from the vehicle, including making sure that it is safe to open the vehicle door and that this will not create a hazard for other road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and micro-mobility user, with particular emphasis on opening the door with the hand furthest from it; [Am. 178]

Removed:(j) reacting and anticipating to hazardous situations, including using simulators. [Am. 179]

Removed:8. Skills and behaviour to be tested concerning categories C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 and D1E

Removed:(1) Preparation and technical check of the vehicle with a bearing on road safety

Removed:Applicants shall demonstrate that they are capable of preparing to drive safely by satisfying the following requirements:

Removed:(a) adjusting the seat as necessary to obtain a correct seated position;

Removed:(b) adjusting rear-view mirrors, seat belts and head restraints if available;

Removed:(c) random checks on the condition of the tyres, steering, brakes, lights, reflectors, direction indicators and audible warning device;

Removed:(d) checking the power-assisted braking and steering systems; checking the condition of the wheels, wheel nuts, mudguards, windscreen, windows and wipers, fluids (for instance engine oil, coolant, washer fluid); checking and using the instrument panel including the recording equipment as defined in Regulation (EU) No 165/2014. This latter requirement does not apply to the applicants for a driving licence for a category C1 or C1E vehicle not falling within the scope of that Regulation;

Removed:(e) checking the air pressure, air tanks and the suspension;

Removed:(f) checking the safety factors relating to vehicle loading: body, sheets, cargo doors, loading mechanism (if available), cabin locking (if available), way of loading, securing load (categories C, CE, C1, C1E only);

Removed:(g) checking the coupling mechanism and the brake and electrical connections (categories CE, C1E, DE, D1E only);

Removed:(h) being capable of taking special vehicle safety measures; controlling the body, service doors, emergency exits, first aid equipment, fire extinguishers and other safety equipment (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only);

Removed:(i) reading a road map, route planning, including the use of electronic navigation systems (optional).

Removed:(2) Special manoeuvres to be tested with a bearing on road safety:

Removed:(a) coupling and uncoupling, or uncoupling and re-coupling a trailer from its motor vehicle; the manoeuvre must involve the towing vehicle being parked alongside the trailer (i.e. not in one line) (categories CE, C1E, DE, D1E only);

Removed:(aa) the various trailer to truck coupling mechanisms, taking into account the fifth wheel coupling for articulated vehicles (for semi-trailers), and drawbar hitch coupling for drawbar trailers (rigid truck), as well as the standard operating procedures and protocols for connecting and disconnecting trailers from trucks while using these coupling mechanisms; [Am. 184]

Removed:(b) reversing along a curve, the line of which shall be left to the discretion of the Member States;

Removed:(c) parking safely for loading/unloading at a loading ramp/platform or similar installation (categories C, CE, C1, C1E, T only); [Am. 185]

Removed:(d) parking to let passengers on or off the bus safely (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only).

Removed:(3) Behaviour in traffic

Removed:Applicants shall perform all the following actions in normal traffic situations, in complete safety and taking all necessary precautions:

Removed:(a) driving away: after parking, after a stop in traffic; exiting a driveway;

Removed:(b) driving on straight roads; passing oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces;

Removed:(c) driving round bends;

Removed:(d) crossroads: approaching and crossing of intersections and junctions;

Removed:(e) changing direction: left and right turns; changing lanes, making a U turn; [Am. 186]

Removed:(ea) factoring in blind spots; [Am. 187]

Removed:(f) approach/exit of motorways or similar (if available): joining from the acceleration lane; leaving on the deceleration lane;

Removed:(g) overtaking/passing: overtaking other trafficroad users and micromobility users, including cyclists and pedestrians (if possible); driving alongside obstacles, for instance parked cars; being overtaken by other traffic (if appropriate); [Am. 188]

Removed:(h) special road features: taking (if available): roundabouts with a large vehicle; driving on the left and right; railway level crossings; tram/bus stops; pedestrian crossings, bike lanes; riding up-/downhill on long slopes; tunnels; [Am. 189]

Removed:(i) taking the necessary precautions whenentering and alighting from the vehicle., including making sure that it is safe to open the vehicle door and that this will not create a hazard for other road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and micro-mobility; [Am. 190]

Removed:(ia) the precautions to be taken when entering and exiting a vehicle in a safe way. [Am. 191]

Removed:(4) Safe and energy-efficient driving: